中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (18): 2856-2862.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3836

• 脊柱植入物 spinal implant • 上一篇    下一篇

腰椎融合过程中终板损伤与术后融合器脱出的关系

张明彦1,刘向阳1,常  磊1,陈  晶2,沈雄杰1,刘  斌1,彭  帅1,张  超1,吴环宇1,朱  峰3,牟海频4   

  1. 湖南省人民医院(湖南师范大学第一附属医院),1脊柱外科,2内分泌科,湖南省长沙市   410021;3桃江县人民医院骨科,湖南省桃江县  413400;4张家界市人民医院骨二科,湖南省张家界市   427400
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-10 修回日期:2020-06-16 接受日期:2020-07-23 出版日期:2021-06-28 发布日期:2021-01-12
  • 通讯作者: 刘向阳,主任医师,湖南师范大学第一附属医院,湖南省人民医院脊柱外科,湖南省长沙市 410021
  • 作者简介:张明彦,男,1984年生,广西壮族自治区玉林市人,汉族,2012年中南大学湘雅医学院毕业,博士,主治医师,主要从事脊柱微创方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省教育厅科研项目(18C0029),项目负责人:常磊;湖南省卫健委科研课题(20201751),项目负责人:常磊;湖南省卫健委科研课题(20201755),项目负责人:陈晶

Relationship between the intraoperative endplate injury and cage retropulsion after lumbar interbody fusion 

Zhang Mingyan1, Liu Xiangyang1, Chang Lei1, Chen Jing2, Shen Xiongjie1, Liu Bin1, Peng Shuai1, Zhang Chao1, Wu Huanyu1, Zhu Feng3,     Mou Haipin4    

  1. 1Department of Spinal Surgery, 2Department of Endocrinology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410021, Hunan Province, China; 3Department of Orthopedics, Taojiang County People’s Hospital, Taojiang 413400, Hunan Province, China; 4Second Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiajie City People’s Hospital, Zhangjiajie 427400, Hunan Province, China 
  • Received:2020-06-10 Revised:2020-06-16 Accepted:2020-07-23 Online:2021-06-28 Published:2021-01-12
  • Contact: Liu Xiangyang, Chief physician, Department of Spinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410021, Hunan Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Mingyan, MD, Attending physician, Department of Spinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410021, Hunan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Scientific Research Project of Hunan Education Department, No. 18C0029 (to CL); the Scientific Research Project of Hunan Health Commission, No. 20201751 (to CL); the Scientific Research Project of Hunan Health Commission, No. 20201755 (to CJ)

摘要:

文题释义:
融合器脱出:cage的后缘向后超出相邻椎体的后缘。
终板损伤:腰椎融合术前患者CT显示手术融合节段的终板完整,即终板的高密度线条结构清晰完整无中断及缺损;而术后CT则显示终板高密度线条后缘部分缺损,即终板后缘损伤。

背景:腰椎后路融合治疗腰椎退行性疾病取得了满意的疗效,但并发症融合器脱出偶有发生。关于融合器脱出的原因,学术界一直未有统一认识,可能与年龄、性别、体质量指数、术前诊断、多节段融合、手术节段、cage位置、小cage、梨形椎间盘、骨质疏松、单边螺钉固定等有关。而作者于临床实践中发现大部分融合器脱出的患者术后CT可见融合节段的终板后缘损伤,因此文章探讨终板损伤与融合器脱出的关系。
目的:探讨腰椎后路融合术后融合器脱出的原因,分析术中终板损伤与融合器脱出的关系。
方法:对2014年1月至2018年12月3家临床医疗中心1 823例行腰椎后路融合治疗的病例进行回顾性研究,其中融合器脱出组21例,融合器未脱出组1 802例,采用t 检验比较两组患者年龄、多节段融合的差异,使用χ2检验比较两组性别、术前诊断、手术节段的差异。建立21个匹配组,每个匹配组随机分配1例融合器脱出病例,再从融合器未脱出病例中分配4例与同一匹配组内的融合器脱出病例具有相同性别、相似年龄(年龄差<±2岁),且手术融合节段包括融合器脱出病例发生cage脱出的节段。使用多因素条件Logistic回归对21个匹配组进行融合器脱出的危险因素分析,纳入回归分析的自变量有术中终板损伤(≥5 mm)、梨形椎间盘、cage位置、小cage以及体质量指数。
结果与结论:①融合器脱出组的平均年龄是63.3岁,融合器未脱出组的平均年龄是58.7岁,经t 检验,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);而融合器脱出和融合器未脱出组的平均融合节段数分别是1.9和1.8,经t 检验,差异无显著性意义(P=0.664);两组间性别、术前诊断和手术节段采用χ2检验,差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②多因素条件Logistic回归结果显示,术中终板损伤(≥5 mm)、梨形椎间盘和cage位置偏后是融合器脱出的危险因素,P均< 0.05,三者的OR(95%CI)分别是54.9(23.8-126.7)、64.9(12.2-346.4)和21.2(10.1-44.6);③提示腰椎后路融合术中终板损伤≥5 mm与术后融合器脱出有相关性,是融合器脱出的危险因素;建议术中不要反复使用较大型号铰刀(12#)清理椎间盘,尤其是髓核严重退变、椎间隙狭窄、病变椎间盘呈梨形的患者。

关键词: 腰椎后路融合, 术中终板损伤, 融合器脱出, cage, 梨形椎间盘, 危险因素

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Lumbar interbody fusion has received remarkable results in lumbar degenerative illnesses; however, some of cage retropulsion has occurred. There is no unified understanding of the reasons why cage retropulsion has happened postoperatively, which may be related to age, sex, body mass index, preoperative diagnosis, multi-segmental fusion, operative segment, cage position, small cage, pear-shaped intervertebral disc, osteoporosis, and unilateral screw fixation. In clinical practice, the authors found that most of the patients with cage retropulsion could affect the injury of the posterior edge of the fusion segment on CT after operation. Therefore, this paper discusses the relationship between the end plate injury and cage retropulsion. 
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the causes of cage retropulsion after lumbar interbody fusion, and analyze the relationship between the intraoperative endplate injury and cage retropulsion. 
METHODS: The data of 1 823 patients undergoing lumbar interbody fusion from three clinical medical centers from January 2014 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, including 21 cases in the cage retropulsion group and 1 802 cases in the non-cage retropulsion group. The t-test was used to compare the age and multiple fusion segments between the two groups. χ2 test was used to compare sex, preoperational diagnosis, and operational segments between the two groups. Totally 21 matched groups were organized; each had one cage retropulsion case and four non-cage retropulsion patients, who had the same sex and similar age (<±2 years); and the fusion segments contained the cage retropulsion segment in the cage retropulsion patient. Multifactor conditional logistic regression analysis was used to look over the risk factors of cage retropulsion in 21 matched groups. The potential risk factor involved the logistic analysis was the injury of endplate (≥ 5 mm), pear disk, BMI, small cage, and the posterior location of the cage.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The average age of patients in the cage retropulsion group was 63.3 years, and that in the non-cage retropulsion group was 58.7 years; t-test showed significant difference (P < 0.05). However, the average number of fusion segments was 1.9 and 1.8 in the cage retropulsion group and the non-cage retropulsion group, respectively, with no significant difference by t-test (P=0.664); there was no significant difference in sex, preoperative diagnosis and surgical segments between the two groups by χ2 test (P > 0.05). (2) Multifactor conditional logistic regression analysis results indicated that the endplate injury (≥ 5 mm), pear-shape intervertebral disc and the posterior cage location were significant risk factors related to cage retropulsion (all P < 0.05; OR(95%CI)=54.9(23.8-126.7), 64.9(12.2-346.4) and 21.2(10.1-44.6). (3) These findings show that the endplate injury ((≥ 5 mm) is correlated with postoperative cage retropulsion, which is a risk factor for cage retropulsion. It is suggested that large reamer (12#) should not be used repeatedly to clean intervertebral disc, especially for patients with severe degeneration of nucleus pulposus, narrow intervertebral space and pear-shaped intervertebral disc.

Key words: posterior lumbar fusion, intraoperative endplate injury, cage retropulsion, cage, pear-shaped intervertebral disc, risk factors

中图分类号: