中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (22): 3510-3516.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3241

• 组织工程骨材料Tissue-engineered bone • 上一篇    下一篇

急性症状性骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折椎体强化手术后疗效欠佳:与骨水泥、骨密度、邻近骨折的关系

刘  畅1,李大同2,刘  元2,孔令擘3,郭  瑞4,杨利学1,郝定均3,贺宝荣3   

  1. 1陕西中医药大学,陕西省咸阳市  712046;2延安大学医学院,陕西省延安市  716000;3西安交通大学附属红会医院,陕西省西安市  710054;4十堰市中西医结合医院,湖北省十堰市  442000
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-25 修回日期:2020-08-28 接受日期:2020-10-16 出版日期:2021-08-08 发布日期:2021-01-19
  • 通讯作者: 贺宝荣,主任医师,硕士生导师,西安交通大学附属红会医院,陕西省西安市 710054
  • 作者简介:刘畅,男,1995年生,陕西省咸阳市人,汉族,陕西中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事脊柱外科方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省科技厅科技成果转移与推广计划-获奖成果转化项目(2018HJCG-08),项目负责人:贺宝荣,项目名称:脊柱损伤修复关键技术的推广应用

Poor efficacy after vertebral augmentation surgery of acute symptomatic thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fracture: relationship with bone cement, bone mineral density, and adjacent fractures

Liu Chang1, Li Datong2, Liu Yuan2, Kong Lingbo3, Guo Rui4, Yang Lixue1, Hao Dingjun3, He Baorong3   

  1. 1Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China; 2Medical School of Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, Shaanxi Province, China; 3Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China; 4Shiyan Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2020-08-25 Revised:2020-08-28 Accepted:2020-10-16 Online:2021-08-08 Published:2021-01-19
  • Contact: He Baorong, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Liu Chang, Master candidate, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Promotion and Application of Key Technologies of Spinal Cord Injury in Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Department, No. 2018HJCG-08 (to HBR)

摘要:

文题释义:
骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折:由于骨质疏松症患者椎体骨基质中钙盐沉积量减少,导致骨微结构改变、骨强度下降且骨脆性增加,受到外力的轻微作用及损伤极易诱发患者椎体发生压缩性骨折。
椎体强化:是一种治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的微创手术,临床上包括经皮椎体成形和经皮球囊扩张后凸成形,前者通过经皮穿刺向椎体内注入骨水泥,后者经穿刺后放置球囊扩张椎体后注入骨水泥,部分恢复椎体高度,加强椎体强度及稳定性,通过骨水泥的固化高热性及毒性来破坏患椎的感觉神经末梢,从而缓解疼痛症状。

背景:近年来应用椎体强化治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折具有较好的疗效,但随着病例数的不断增加,临床工作中发现部分患者在接受椎体强化术治疗后仍诉有明显的疼痛。 
目的:分析影响急性症状性骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折行椎体强化术后疗效欠佳的多重因素,并进行相关因素的多因素Logistic回归分析。
方法:纳入2016年7月至2019年5月西安交通大学附属红会医院收治的骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折患者850例,均为初次接受椎体强化治疗,依据术后1个月内腰背部疼痛目测类比评分判定疗效情况,其中≥4分为疗效欠佳,共61例患者疗效欠佳(疗效欠佳组);采用随机数字表法从789例疗效满意的患者中选择61例作为疗效满意组。调查两组性别、年龄、体质量指数、术前骨密度T值、手术节段、手术时间、手术路径、骨折压缩程度、注入骨水泥的量、术后骨水泥是否渗漏、骨水泥渗漏类型、术后邻近节段骨折、软组织损伤、术后骨水泥分布等资料,采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析探讨患者术后疗效欠佳的危险因素。研究获西安交通大学附属红会医院医学伦理委员会批准(编号:202005005)。
结果与结论:①两组间年龄、性别、手术时间、手术路径、骨折压缩程度、手术节段比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),骨水泥渗漏、邻近节段骨折、软组织损伤、骨水泥分布、骨密度T值、骨水泥注入量比较差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);②二元Logistic回归分析显示,椎体强化后疗效欠佳与骨水泥渗漏、邻近节段骨折、软组织损伤、骨水泥分布、骨密度T值有显著相关性(P < 0.05);③ROC分析显示,骨密度T值预测患者行椎体强化术后疗效欠佳的AUC为0.809(β=0.040,95%CI=0.729-0.888,P=0.000),最佳截断值为-3.05,敏感度和特异度分别为0.721和0.836;④结果说明,骨水泥分布、骨水泥渗漏、邻近节段骨折、软组织损伤、骨密度T值是急性症状性骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折患者椎体强化后疗效欠佳的危险因素。

关键词: 骨, 材料, 骨水泥, 椎体强化, 骨质疏松, 椎体骨折, 术后疼痛, 危险因素, 组织工程

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, vertebral augmentation surgery has a good effect on osteoporotic vertebral fracture, but with the increasing number of cases, we have found that some patients still complain of obvious pain after receiving vertebral augmentation surgery.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the multiple factors that affect the poor efficacy after vertebral augmentation surgery of acute symptomatic thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fracture, and to conduct a multivariate logistic regression analysis of related factors.
METHODS: The data of 850 patients who were treated with primary vertebral augmentation in the treatment of vertebral compression fractures in Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University from July 2016 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the visual analogue scale score of low back pain within one month after operation, the curative effect was judged by the score, in which ≥ 4 points were regarded as poor curative effect. A total of 61 patients had poor curative effect (poor curative effect group). The random number table method was used to select 61 patients from 789 patients with satisfactory curative effect as the satisfactory group. The gender, age, body mass index, preoperative bone mineral density T value, operative segment, operation time, surgical path, degree of fracture compression, bone cement injection volume, postoperative bone cement leakage, type of bone cement leakage, postoperative adjacent segment fracture, soft tissue injury, and postoperative bone cement distribution were investigated in both groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors of poor efficacy. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University (approval No. 202005005). 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was no significant difference between the two groups of patients in terms of age, gender, operation time, surgical path, the degree of compression fracture, and injured vertebral segment (P > 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in bone cement leakage, adjacent segment fractures, soft tissue injury, bone cement distribution, bone mineral density T value, and bone cement injection volume (P < 0.05). (2) Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the poor efficacy of vertebral body enhancement after surgery was significantly correlated with bone cement leakage, adjacent segment fractures, soft tissue injury, bone cement distribution, and bone mineral density T value (P < 0.05). (3) The results of ROC analysis showed that bone mineral density T predicted that the AUC of the poor efficacy after vertebral augmentation was 0.809 (β=0.040, 95%CI=0.729-0.888, P=0.000); the best cut-off value was -3.05; the sensitivity and specificity were 0.721 and 0.836, respectively. (4) These results indicate that bone cement distribution, bone cement leakage, adjacent segment fracture, soft tissue injury, and bone mineral density T value are the risk factors for the poor efficacy after vertebral augmentation in patients with acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fracture.

Key words: bone, materials, bone cement, vertebral augmentation, osteoporosis, vertebral fracture, postoperative pain, risk factors, tissue engineering

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