中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (33): 5283-5288.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2891

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

活动平台单髁置换治疗膝关节自发性骨坏死的5年随访

牛国庆,彭智浩,温建强,潘耀成,卢国良   

  1. 佛山市中医院骨六科,广东省佛山市  528000
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-20 修回日期:2020-02-27 接受日期:2020-03-20 出版日期:2020-11-28 发布日期:2020-09-29
  • 作者简介:牛国庆,男,1988年生,山东省临沂市人,汉族,2014年南华大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事关节损伤及四肢骨折微创修复的研究与治疗。
  • 基金资助:
    广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(20161181228306)

Movable platform unicompartmental knee arthpoplasty for spontaneous osteonecrosis of knee: a five-year follow-up

Niu Guoqing, Peng Zhihao, Wen Jianqiang, Pan Yaocheng, Lu Guoliang   

  1. Sixth Department of Orthopedics, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China

  • Received:2020-02-20 Revised:2020-02-27 Accepted:2020-03-20 Online:2020-11-28 Published:2020-09-29
  • About author:Niu Guoqing, Master, Attending physician, Sixth Departmetn of Orthopedics, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project, No. 20161181228306

摘要:

文题释义:

膝关节自发性骨坏死:是指原因不明的主要发生于股骨内侧髁负重面深层的局部骨坏死,也可发生于股骨外侧髁或胫骨平台,可能与软骨下骨微骨折以及局部血液循环障碍、骨质疏松有关,是一种逐渐进展性的疾病,如不及时干预,会逐渐加重。

单髁置换是人工膝关节置换的一个特殊类型,是一种置换范围局限在单侧髁的置换,起步于20世纪70年代初期。临床上常选用单髁置换治疗替换受破坏的关节软骨,其他间室的关节软骨、前后交叉韧带均得以保留,避免局限性病变治疗上的扩大化。膝单髁人工关节置换可分内侧间室和外侧间室两种情况,但仍以内侧为主,目前单髁置换已经成为治疗膝关节内侧单间室骨性关节炎非常有效的方法。

背景:膝关节自发性骨坏死主要影响股骨内侧髁,是膝关节单髁置换的良好适应证,但对于单髁置换后的治疗效果仍有争议。

目的探讨活动平台单髁置换治疗膝关节自发性骨坏死随访5年的临床效果。

方法回顾性分析20141月至20151月在佛山市中医院骨关节科诊断为膝关节内侧间室自发性骨坏死并行活动平台单髁置换治疗的患者资料,按照纳入与排除标准,纳入64例患者。收集患者年龄、性别、体质量、骨坏死部位、Koshino 分期和坏死体积等资料进行分析,采用膝关节最大活动度、美国特种外科医院评分、牛津膝关节评分、疼痛目测类比评分评估术前和随访时膝关节功能,术前和随访时均通过双下肢全长X射线片评估下肢力线情况,同时观察有无并发症发生。

结果与结论:①62例患者为股骨内髁骨坏死,2例患者胫骨内侧平台骨坏死;Koshino分期Ⅲ期40例,Ⅳ期24例;病变体积5.62-32.52 cm3,小体积坏死45例,中体积坏死14例,大体积坏死5例;②所有患者手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合,随访60-72个月;其中1例患者术后3个月出现聚乙烯衬垫脱位,再次手术使用加厚垫片后功能良好;2例患者术后4年出现假体松动,翻修成全膝关节置换;其余患者随访期间均无感染、假体脱位、假体松动、下肢静脉血栓形成、肺栓塞、心脑血管意外、创伤后精神障碍等并发症发生;③末次随访时,所有患者美国特种外科医院评分、牛津膝关节评分、膝关节活动度、目测类比评分均较术前明显改善,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);④末次随访时,所有患者髋膝踝角、胫股角均较术前明显改善(P < 0.05),患者下肢力线得到纠正;⑤提示采用活动平台单髁置换治疗膝关节自发性骨坏死具有创伤小、骨量保留多、术后恢复快、下肢力线改善明显、术后关节功能良好的优点,中期疗效满意。

ORCID: 0000-0001-6127-9875(牛国庆)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 膝, 骨坏死, 关节, 单髁置换, 活动平台, 假体, 随访

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous osteonecrosis of knee joint mainly affects the medial condyle of femur and is a good indication for unicompartmental knee arthpoplasty. However, the therapeutic effect after unicompartmental knee arthpoplasty is still controversial.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effect of movable platform unicompartmental knee arthpoplasty for knee spontaneous osteonecrosis in 5-year follow-up.

METHODS: From January 2014 to January 2015, the data of patients diagnosed as spontaneous osteonecrosis of medial compartment of knee joint and treated with unicompartmental knee arthpoplasty of mobile platform in the Department of Arthrology of Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were analyzed retrospectively. Totally 64 patients were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data of age, sex, body weight, necrotic site, Koshino stage and necrotic volume were collected and analyzed. Knee maximum range of motion, American Special surgery Hospital score, Oxford knee joint score and visual analogue scale pain score were used to evaluate knee function before and during follow-up. Preoperative and follow-up evaluations of the lower extremity line of force were performed through full-length X-ray films of both lower extremities, and the presence of complications was observed.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Sixty-two patients affected femoral metatarsal necrosis; two patients had medial tibial plateau necrosis; 40 patients had Koshino stage III; 24 cases had stage IV; lesion volume was 5.62 to 32.52 cm3; 45 cases had small-area necrosis; and 14 cases had middle area necrosis. There were five cases of large-area necrosis. (2) All the patients were healed by stage I. The follow-up period was 60-72 months. One patient had dislocation of the polyethylene liner 3 months after surgery and was used again for surgery. The function was good after thickening the pads. Two patients showed loosening of the prosthesis 4 years after the operation, and were revised to total knee replacement. The remaining patients had no infection, dislocation of the prosthesis, loosening of the prosthesis, venous thrombosis of the lower limbs, pulmonary embolism, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents, or post-traumatic psychiatric disorders during the follow-up. (3) American Special surgery Hospital score, Oxford knee joint score, knee joint maximum range of motion, and visual analogue scale pain score were significantly improved at the last follow-up than before surgery, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). (4) At the last follow-up, hip-knee-ankle angle and tibiofemoral angle were significantly improved than before surgery (P < 0.05). The lower limb force line was corrected. (5) It is concluded that the treatment of spontaneous osteonecrosis of knee with movable platform unicompartmental knee arthpoplasty has the advantages of less trauma, more bone mass retention, quick recovery, obvious improvement of lower limb force line, good joint function after operation, and satisfactory mid-term effect. 

Key words: bone, knee, osteonecrosis, joint, unicompartmental knee arthpoplasty, mobile platform, prosthesis, follow up

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