中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (23): 3654-3661.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2730

• 骨组织构建 bone tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

颅底凹陷症患者枕颈融合过程中枕颈角和后枕颈角的合理选择

杨  胜,唐  超,廖烨晖,唐  强,马  飞,何洪淳,钟德君   

  1. 西南医科大学附属医院脊柱外科,四川省泸州市  646000
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-02 修回日期:2019-12-05 接受日期:2020-01-17 出版日期:2020-08-18 发布日期:2020-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 钟德君,博士,主任医师,西南医科大学附属医院脊柱外科,四川省泸州市 646000
  • 作者简介:杨胜,男,1994年生,四川省盐源县人,汉族,西南医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事脊柱脊髓损伤方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省卫生和计划生育委员会课题项目(16PJ551)

Reasonable choice of occipitocervical angle and posterior occipitocervical angle in basilar invagination patients during occipitocervical fusion 

Yang Sheng, Tang Chao, Liao Yehui, Tang Qiang, Ma Fei, He Hongchun, Zhong Dejun   

  1. Department of Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2019-12-02 Revised:2019-12-05 Accepted:2020-01-17 Online:2020-08-18 Published:2020-04-25
  • Contact: Zhong Dejun, MD, Chief physician, Department of Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Yang Sheng, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    The Project of Sichuan Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, No. 16PJ551

摘要:

文题释义:

颅底凹陷症:一种复杂的颅颈交界区骨性结构畸形,多表现为齿状突向后、向上陷入枕骨大孔平面,压迫脑干及脊髓,且多合并寰枢椎脱位、寰枕融合、Kleip-Feil 畸形、Chiari 畸形等相关情况。在X射线平片上可观测到齿状突超过Chamberlain氏线(枕骨大孔后缘至硬腭后缘间联线)≥5 mm。

背景:颅底凹陷症患者枕颈融合术中枕颈区固定角度的选择不合理时,将降低临床疗效,加速下颈椎退变。

目的:测量健康成人枕颈角和后枕颈角,分析颅底凹陷症枕颈融合术中枕颈角和后枕颈角选择对术后临床疗效和下颈椎前凸角丢失的影响。

方法:根据性别和年龄纳入150例健康成人(健康组),男女各75例,20-69岁分为5个年龄组,每组15例。由3名主治以上脊柱外科医师测量每一例健康成人的枕颈角和后枕颈角,对两参数进行组内相关系数分析证明其一致性后,结果取均值,获得正常人群两参数的均值和95%CI。回顾性分析2012年1月至2017年1月行枕颈融合术的颅底凹陷症患者42例(畸形组),根据术后行走即刻枕颈角和后枕颈角是否在健康组95%CI内分为理想角度亚组和非理想角度亚组,测量两亚组患者术前、术后行走即刻及末次随访时枕颈角、后枕颈角和下颈椎前凸角;记录两亚组患者术前及术后末次随访疼痛目测类比评分、颈椎日本骨科协会评分、颈椎功能障碍指数以及末次随访下颈椎前凸角丢失情况。

结果与结论:①健康组150例志愿者枕颈角、后枕颈角分别为(14.5±3.7)°、(108.2±8.1)°,95%CI分别为7.2°-21.8°及92.3°-124.0°;而且枕颈角与后枕颈角之间存在负相关(r=-0.386,P < 0.001);②42例颅底凹陷症患者术前枕颈角(5.6±4.3)°明显小于健康组(P < 0.001),而后枕颈角(123.9±10.4)°、下颈椎前凸角(25.7±9.5)°显著大于健康组(P < 0.001);③42例颅底凹陷症患者中,理想角度亚组(26例)术后行走即刻枕颈角和后枕颈角固定在理想角度范围(健康组的95%CI内);非理想角度亚组(16例)枕颈角和后枕颈角固定选择不在健康组95%CI,其中14例(87.5%)患者枕颈角低于7.2°(健康组95%CI的下限值),2例(12.5%)后枕颈角高于124.0°(健康组95%CI的上限值);④两亚组患者术后末次随访疼痛目测类比评分、颈椎日本骨科协会评分和颈椎功能障碍指数均较术前明显改善(P < 0.05);理想角度亚组患者末次随访疼痛目测类比评分和颈椎功能障碍指数高于非理想角度亚组,但颈椎日本骨科协会评分低于非理想角度亚组,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);⑤同时理想角度亚组患者下颈椎前凸角丢失度数(4.0±6.8)°明显大于非理想角度亚组(-1.6±3.9) °(P < 0.05);⑥提示颅底凹陷症患者枕颈区和下颈椎生物力学平衡状态有别于正常健康人群;因此在枕颈融合术中不建议强行将枕颈角和后枕颈角固定在正常参考范围内,固定在正常参考范围内将降低患者临床疗效,加速下颈椎前凸角的丢失。

ORCID: 0000-0002-4781-6918(杨胜)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

关键词: 枕颈角, 后枕颈角, 枕颈融合术, 下颈椎前凸角, 颈椎功能, 疼痛

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: For patients with basilar invagination under occipitocervical fusion, the unreasonable choice of fixed angle in the occipitocervical region will reduce the clinical efficacy and accelerate the degeneration of subaxial cervical spine

OBJECTIVE: To measure the Occipito-C2 angle (OC2A) and the posterior occipitocervical angle (POCA) in healthy subjects, and to analyze the influence of OC2A and POCA selection on the clinical efficacy and the loss of cervical spinal angle (CSA) of subaxial cervical spine in the occipitocervical fusion of basilar invagination.

METHODS: 150 healthy subjects (healthy group) were grouped by gender and age, with 75 males and 75 females divided into five age groups ranging from 20 to 69 years old. OC2A and POCA of each healthy subject were measured by three spine surgeons. The intraclass correlation coefficient analysis was performed on the two parameters to prove their consistency. The mean of the two parameters and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were obtained. Clinical data from 42 patients (malformation group) with basilar invagination who underwent occipitocervical fusion from January 2012 to January 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. These patients were divided into ideal angle subgroup and non-ideal angle subgroup, according to whether their OC2A and POCA immediately after postoperative ambulation were at 95% CI of the healthy group or not. OC2A, POCA, and CSA angles were measured preoperatively, immediately after postoperative ambulation, and at the final follow-up visit. The preoperative and final follow-up visual analog scale (VAS) score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, neck disability index (NDI), and the loss of CSA from immediately after postoperative ambulation to the final follow-up (dCSA) were recorded.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The values of OC2A and POCA were (14.5±3.7)° and (108.2±8.1)° in the healthy group, respectively, and the respective 95% CI values were 7.2°-21.8° and 92.3°-124.0° as the normal range. There was a negative correlation between OC2A and POCA (r=-0.386, P < 0.001). The preoperative value of OC2A [(5.6±4.3)°] in the malformation group was smaller than that in the healthy group (P < 0.001); however, the preoperative values of POCA [(123.9±10.4)°] and CSA [(25.7±9.5)°] in the malformation group were larger than those in the healthy group (P < 0.001). In the 42 basilar invagination patients, 26 patients (ideal angle subgroup) were fixed in the ideal angle range immediately after postoperative ambulation (95% CI of the healthy group); 16 patients (non-ideal angle subgroup) were not fixed in the 95% CI of the healthy group, of which 14 patients (87.5%) had OC=A lower than 7.2° (lower limit of 95% CI of the healthy group), and 2 patients (12.5%) had POCA higher than 124.0° (upper limit of 95% CI in healthy group). The VAS score, JOA score and NDI of patients in the two subgroups were significantly improved compared with those before operation (P < 0.05). The VAS score and NDI of the ideal angle subgroup were higher than those of the non-ideal angle subgroup, but JOA score was lower than that of the non-ideal angle subgroup (P < 0.05). At the same time, dCSA [(4.0±6.8)°] in the ideal angle subgroup was significantly higher than that in the non-ideal angle subgroup [(-1.6±3.9)°; P < 0.05]. To conclude, the biomechanical balance between the occipitocervical region and subaxial cervical spine in patients with basilar invagination is different from that of normal healthy people. Therefore, it is not recommended to force OC2A and POCA to be fixed in the normal reference range during occipitocervical fusion for basilar invagination. Fixation of OC2A and POCA in the normal reference range will reduce the clinical efficacy of patients and accelerate the dCSA.

Key words: occipitocervical angle, posterior occipitocervical angle, occipitocervical fusion, cervical spinal angle, cervical spine function, pain

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