中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (21): 3347-3352.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2683

• 骨与关节图像与影像 bone and joint imaging • 上一篇    下一篇

CT多平面重建预评估腰椎经皮椎弓根螺钉置入损伤关节突关节的风险

张晓芸1,毕树雄2,郝  帅2   

  1. 1山西医科大学,山西省太原市  030000;2山西白求恩医院,山西省太原市  030000
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-15 修回日期:2019-11-19 接受日期:2019-12-19 出版日期:2020-07-28 发布日期:2020-04-17
  • 通讯作者: 毕树雄,博士,硕士生导师,山西白求恩医院骨科,山西省太原市 030000
  • 作者简介:张晓芸,女,1992年生,甘肃省酒泉市人,汉族,山西医科大学在读硕士,主要从事关节外科和脊柱外科方面的研究。

CT multiple-level reconstruction for preoperational estimation of facet joint violation in lumbar percutaneous pedicle screw placement

Zhang Xiaoyun1, Bi Shuxiong2, Hao Shuai2   

  1. 1Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China; 2Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2019-11-15 Revised:2019-11-19 Accepted:2019-12-19 Online:2020-07-28 Published:2020-04-17
  • Contact: Bi Shuxiong, MD, Master’s supervisor, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Xiaoyun, Master candidate, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:

CT多平面重组技术:是将扫描范围内所有的轴位图像叠加起来在对某些标线标定的重组线所指定的组织进行冠状位、矢状位及任意角度斜位图像重组,以在不同角度观察影像学图像。

经皮椎弓根螺钉:该技术采用在术中影像检查设备引导下经皮肤小切口置入椎弓根螺钉,与常规开放置钉手术相比明显减少了对椎旁肌的损伤程度,既往学者多关注螺钉与椎弓根壁的位置关系,而较少关注其与关节突关节的位置关系。

背景:经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定技术被广泛应用于治疗腰椎疾病。经皮椎弓根螺钉由于是在术中C形臂X射线引导下操作,对螺钉与关节突关节之间的位置关系难以完全控制,可能导致关节突关节损伤。既往有学者认为体质量指数>29.9 kg/m2、小关节角>35°及年龄<65岁是经皮椎弓根螺钉损伤关节突关节的高危因素。由于不同腰椎椎弓根轴线与关节突关节的位置关系不同,螺钉对关节突关节的破坏是否存在差异目前尚无相关报道。

目的:探讨腰椎CT多平面重建技术在腰椎经皮椎弓根钉置入术前预估螺钉损伤腰椎关节突关节中的价值。

方法:选择100例行经皮椎弓根钉置入内固定治疗腰椎骨折及腰椎退行性疾病的患者,对治疗方案均知情同意,且得到医院伦理委员会批准。于术前CT斜轴位、斜矢状位及斜冠状位调整多平面重建的定位线,重建出椎弓根的切面断层,以斜冠状位线为中心设置直径为6.5 mm的标定圆模拟经皮椎弓根钉轴向截面,观察标定圆侵犯关节突关节程度,设为术前组;术后行腰椎CT检查观察螺钉损伤关节突关节程度,设为术后组。评价2组间不同节段关节突关节损伤螺钉数及组内不同节段关节突关节破坏比率的差异。

结果与结论:①共计置钉478枚,术前组显示标定圆侵犯关节突关节109枚,占比22.8%,其中L1-L5标定圆侵犯关节突关节螺钉数及占比分别为6枚(6.8%)、9枚(10.5%)、19枚(18.3%)、30枚(30.0%)和45枚(45.0%);②术后组显示关节突关节损伤115枚,占比24.1%,其中L1-L5螺钉损伤关节突关节螺钉数及占比分别为10枚(11.4%)、7枚(8.1%)、15枚(14.4%)、26枚(26.0%)和41枚(41.0%);③McNemar 配对χ2检验不同腰椎节段P值分别为:L1 P=0.08,L2 P=0.22,L3 P=0.20,L4 P=0.05,L5 P=0.08,2组结果比较差异均无显著性意义;④Kappa检验2组一致性分别为:L1 Kappa值=0.67,L2 Kappa值=0.80,L3 Kappa值=0.80,L4 Kappa值=0.87,L5 Kappa值=0.92;术前组及术后组组内不同节段间关节突关节损伤比率比较差异有显著性意义(P=0.000);⑤提示腰椎CT多平面重建技术可较为准确地判断经皮椎弓根螺钉与关节突关节的位置关系,为判断术后螺钉是否可能侵犯关节突关节提供了一种可靠的预估方法。

ORCID: 0000-0003-4872-2726(张晓芸)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 腰椎, 经皮椎弓根置钉, CT, 多平面重组, 椎关节突关节, 骨螺丝, 并发症, 微创脊柱外科

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Percutanoues pedicle screw internal fixation is widely used for treating lumbar disease. Because the surgery is guided by the C-arm, it is hard to control the position between screws and facet joint to cause the facet joint violation completely. Body mass index > 29.9 kg/m2, facet joint angle > 35°and age < 65 years old are considered as the high risk factors for percutaneous pedicle screw injury of articular processes. Due to the different positional relationship between the pedicle axis of the lumbar spine and the articular process joint, there is no related report on whether the destruction of the articular process joint by screws is different.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance of lumbar CT multi-planar reconstruction for preestimating facet joint violation in lumbar percutaneous pedicle screw placement.

METHODS: One hundred patients with lumbar fracture and degenerative disease who underwent percutaneous pedicle screw placement were selected. All patients signed the informed consents and the study was approved by the ethics committee of the hospital. The position line of the oblique axial view, oblique sagittal view and oblique coronal view was adjusted to reconstruct the section of pedicle. A circle with the 6.5 mm of position line of the oblique coronal view as its center to check the relationship between the circle and facet joint served as preoperation group. CT examination was performed after surgery for evaluating the degree of facet joint violation by screws and served as postoperation group. The amount of screws which damage the facet joint of different vertebrae between two groups and the damage rate among vertebrae in each group were compared.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Totally 478 screws were placed, 109 (22.8%) screws violated facet joints in the preoperation group, and the amount of circles which violated facet joint was 6 (6.8%), 9 (10.5%), 19 (18.3%), 30 (30.0%), and 45 (45.0%) from L1-L 5. (2) 115 (24.1%) screws violated facet joints in the postoperation group, the amount of circles which violated facet joint was 10 (11.4%), 7 (8.1%), 15 (14.4%), 26 (26.0%) and 41 (41.0%) from L1-L 5. (3) The P values of McNamara test of different vertebrae were 0.08 (L1), 0.22 (L2), 0.20 (L3), 0.05 (L4) and 0.08 (L5). There was no significant difference between two groups. (4) The results of Kappa test were 0.67 (L1), 0.80 (L2), 0.80 (L3), 0.87 (L4) and 0.92 (L5). The damage rate among vertebrae in each group had significant differences (P=0.000). (5) To conclude, the relationship between percutanoues pedicle screw and facet joint could be recognized by lumbar CT multiple level reconstruction, which provides a reliable method for preestimating the possibility of facet joint damage caused by the percutanoues pedicle screw.

Key words: lumbar spine, percutanoues pedicle screw, CT, multi-planar reconstruction, facet joint, bone screws, complication, minimally invasive spine surgery

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