中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (12): 1891-1896.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2520

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

有限元模拟全内镜下精准椎板开窗减压术及生物力学分析

蒋  强1,丁  宇2,刘金玉2,曹世奇2,卢正操2   

  1. 1安徽医科大学海军临床学院,解放军总医院第六医学中心,北京市  100048;2解放军总医院第六医学中心脊柱微创中心,北京市  100048
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-09 修回日期:2019-07-10 接受日期:2019-08-19 出版日期:2020-04-28 发布日期:2020-03-01
  • 通讯作者: 丁宇,博士,主任医师,教授,研究生导师,解放军总医院第六医学中心脊柱微创中心,北京市 100048
  • 作者简介:蒋强,1992年生,安徽省亳州市人,汉族,在读硕士,主要从事脊柱外科(脊柱微创外科治疗与康复)方面的研究。

Finite element simulation and biomechanical analysis of fully endoscopic precisely laminectomy decompression

Jiang Qiang1, Ding Yu2, Liu Jinyu2, Cao Shiqi2, Lu Zhengcao2   

  1. 1Naval Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Sixth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China; 2Minimally Invasive Spine Center, Sixth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
  • Received:2019-07-09 Revised:2019-07-10 Accepted:2019-08-19 Online:2020-04-28 Published:2020-03-01
  • Contact: Ding Yu, MD, Chief physician, Professor, Graduate supervisor, Minimally Invasive Spine Center, Sixth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
  • About author:Jiang Qiang, Master candidate, Naval Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Sixth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China

摘要:

文题释义:
全内镜下精准椎板开窗:在内镜可视下及术中影像学实时监测下,对椎板开窗切除范围精准可控。
有限元分析:是一种采用较简单的小问题来替代较复杂的大问题,从而只需对简单的小问题进行求解的分析方法,可对脊柱的形状、材料属性及边界条件等进行描述,是一种研究人体力学的有效科学手段。

背景:目前内镜微创减压手术已应用于腰椎管狭窄症的治疗,但对镜下精准椎板开窗范围的研究较少。

目的:利用退变腰椎有限元模型,评估分析全内镜下不同分区精准椎板开窗减压手术对腰椎活动度及应力分布的影响。

方法:随机选取1名腰椎管狭窄症患者,采集CT数据,使用相关生物力学软件建立腰椎L4-5节段有限元模型(M1),并进行有效性验证。继而有限元模拟内镜可视下精准椎板开窗减压手术,结合腰椎管狭窄症临床病理分型,建立椎板开窗减压相应范围L4-5节段手术模型,分别为L4椎板下缘+L4-5关节突关节部分切除模型(M2)、L4-5部分关节突关节+L5椎板上缘切除模型(M3)、L4椎板下缘+L4-5部分关节突关节+L5椎板上缘切除模型(M4)、L4椎板下缘+L4-5部分关节突关节+L5椎板上缘+ Over-the-Top对侧部分关节突切除模型(M5)及L4椎体下缘+L4-5关节突关节1/2以上+L5椎板上缘切除模型(M6)(以上椎体均保留峡部,除M6外,关节突关节均保留50%以上的关节面)。分别对完整脊柱(M1)及5种模拟手术模型(M2、M3、M4、M5、M6)施加相同载荷边界条件,进行前屈、后伸、左/右侧弯、左/右旋转6种工况下腰椎活动度及椎间盘等效应力的对比分析。

结果与结论:①与完整脊柱M1模型比较,M2、M3、M4及M5模型在各工况下活动度值相近,但M6模型的活动度值较M1明显增大,为M1活动度的151%-264%,特别是后伸和旋转工况为甚;②在椎间盘等效应力方面,M2、M3、M4及M5模型在椎间盘前区、左/右区工况下等效应力上升趋势不明显,在椎间盘后区、中区等效应力有所增加,最大增加幅度达53%,但未出现较大应力集中的情况;而M6模型椎间盘各区域等效应力均出现较大程度上升趋势,特别在前屈工况下最大达完整退变模型(M1)的3倍;③结果表明,过大椎板开窗明显影响腰椎稳定性,同时相应节段椎间盘应力增加,易加速椎间关节退变。内镜微创减压手术精准可控,针对不同类型腰椎管狭窄症采用个性化治疗方案,保证减压效果的同时,可有效维持手术节段的生物力学特性。

ORCID: 0000-0001-8935-3117(蒋强)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 全内镜, 腰椎管狭窄, 精准, 椎板开窗减压, 有限元分析, 生物力学

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive endoscopic decompression is currently used in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis, but there are few studies on the scope of precise laminectomy under the microscope.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of precise decompression with different laminectomy zones on lumbar range of motion and stress distribution using the entire degenerative lumbar finite element model.

METHODS: A patient with lumbar spinal stenosis was randomly selected. Based on CT data, the lumbar L4-5 segment finite element model (M1) was established using relevant biomechanical software, and the validity was verified. After that, the finite element simulation of fully endoscopic precisely laminectomy decompression operation was performed. Combined with pathological classification of lumbar spinal stenosis, personalized laminectomy decompression aiming at different L4-5 segment stenosis was established, specifically including L4 lamina margin and partial facet joint resection model (M2), L5 lamina margin and partial facet joint resection model (M3), L4/5 lamina margin and partial facet joint resection model (M4), M4 + “Over-the-Top” contralateral partial facet joint resection model (M5), and L4/5 lamina margin and over 50% facet jointresection model (M6). The same boundary loading was applied to the various finite element models. The lumbar range of motion and equivalent stress of intervertebral discs were compared under six conditions including flexion, extension, left and right flexion, left and right rotation.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the entire M1 model, ranges of motion of M2, M3, M4 and M5 models were similar under various conditions, but range of motion of M6 model was significantly increased to 151%-264% scope, especially in the extension and rotational conditions. (2) In terms of the equivalent stress of disc, the M2, M3, M4 and M5 models showed no obvious increasing trend at the anterior, left and right regions under various working conditions. The largest increase of the equivalent stress at posterior and middle disc regions was 53% maximally, but with no significant stress concentration. However, the equivalent stress in total disc regions showed a significant increasing trend in M6 model, especially in flexion condition with the maximum three times of M1 model. (3) Results suggest that extensive laminectomy can significantly affect the stability of the lumbar spine, with the intervertebral disc stress increase at the corresponding segment which is more likely to accelerate segmental degeneration. Minimally invasive endoscopic decompression is precise and controllable. The personalized decompression schemes can be adopted for different types of lumbar spinal stenosis to ensure the surgery effect and effectively maintain the biomechanical characteristics of the segments.

Key words: full endoscopy, lumbar spinal stenosis, precision, laminectomy decompression, finite element analysis, biomechanics

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