中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (9): 1416-1421.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2513

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

机器人在骨科手术中应用的可靠性与提升空间

曹旭含1,白子兴1,孙承颐2,李晏乐1,孙卫东1   

  1. 1中国中医科学院望京医院骨关节二科,北京市  101002;2北京中医药大学,北京市  100029
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-01 修回日期:2019-08-03 接受日期:2019-09-07 出版日期:2020-03-28 发布日期:2020-02-13
  • 通讯作者: 孙卫东,主任医师,中国中医科学院望京医院骨关节二科,北京市 101002
  • 作者简介:曹旭含,女,1996年生,黑龙江省牡丹江市人,中国中医科学院在读硕士,主要从事足踝外科、关节外科研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81273984);北京市自然科学基金项目(7172244)

Application of robot in orthopedic surgery: reliability and room for improvement

Cao Xuhan1, Bai Zixing1, Sun Chengyi2, Li Yanle1, Sun Weidong1   

  1. 1Second Department of Bone and Joint, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 101002, China; 2Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2019-08-01 Revised:2019-08-03 Accepted:2019-09-07 Online:2020-03-28 Published:2020-02-13
  • Contact: Sun Weidong, Chief physician, Second Department of Bone and Joint, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 101002, China
  • About author:Cao Xuhan, Master candidate, Second Department of Bone and Joint, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 101002, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81273984; the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing, No. 7172244

摘要:

文题释义:
骨科手术机器人:主要包括3部分——机械系统、影像系统、计算机系统。规划导航定位机构一般是由测量仪器、传感器、定位仪等计算机软件构成;手术执行机构主要依靠机械系统相关运动单元。建模与规划阶段主要依靠影像系统完成图像的采集、处理与特征分析,确定手术实施策略,此阶段主要由机器人的规划导航定位部分来确保手术的操作与运行。
人工智能:亦称机器智能,是指由人工制造出来的系统所表现出来的智能,可以概括为研究智能程序的科学。

背景:骨科手术机器人是一种集医学、电子信息学、机械物理学等多学科、多领域为一体的新型医疗器械,是当代医学信息化、程控化、智能化的一个重要发展方向,在骨科手术中有着安全可靠性与广泛的应用前景。

目的:探讨机器人在骨科手术中的应用可靠性及提升空间。

方法:以中文检索词“机器人,骨科,手术,精准度”和英文检索词“Robot,Orthopedics,Surgery,Accuracy”分别检索CNKI数据库、维普数据库、万方数据库和PubMed数据库自建库至2019年6月的文献。根据入选标准保留49篇文献,对手术机器人应用于骨科手术的关键问题进行综述。

结果与结论:①目前对骨科手术机器人的研究较多,方法较成熟,但是国内手术机器人的研究相对于发达国家还处于初级阶段;②骨科手术机器人技术正朝着人机智能化、图像精细化、形态精微化、手术无创化、远程可控流畅化等方向发展;③推动自主研发骨科手术机器人产品、全方位制定行业规范和临床标准,将是中国智能医疗器械及设备发展的重要导向。

ORCID: 0000-0002-2427-1193(曹旭含)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程


关键词:

机器人, 骨科, 手术, 人工智能, 精准度, 提升空间, 可靠性, 临床应用

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Orthopedic surgery robot is a new medical device which integrates many disciplines and fields, such as medicine, electronic informatics and mechanical physics. It is an important development direction of modern medical informationization, programmable control and intellectualization, and has a wide application prospect in orthopedic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application reliability and room for promotion of robots in orthopedic surgery.

METHODS: CNKI, VIP, WanFang and PubMed databases were retrieved by using the keywords of “robot, orthopedics, surgery, accuracy” in Chinese and English, respectively for the articles published before June 2019. Forty-nine eligible articles were enrolled based on inclusion criteria. The key problems of surgery robot in orthopedics were reviewed.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There are many researches on orthopedic surgical robots, and the methods are mature, but the domestic research on surgical robots is still in the primary stage compared with developed countries. (2) The technology of orthopedic surgical robots is moving towards the directions of human-machine intelligence, image refinement, morphological refinement, non-invasive surgery, and remote controllable fluidization. (3) Promoting independent research and development of orthopedic surgical robots, formulating industry standards and clinical standards in an all-round way will be an important direction for the development of intelligent medical devices and equipment in China.           

Key words: robot, orthopedics, surgery, artificial intelligence, accuracy, room for development, reliability, clinical application

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