中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (4): 632-637.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2333

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

基于3D打印技术骨科康复学的发展前景

彭  坤1,林一民2,甘晓玲1,吴治勇3   

  1. 1重庆医药高等专科学校,重庆市   401331;2重庆大学附属肿瘤医院,肿瘤转移与个体化诊治转化研究重庆市重点实验室,重庆市   400030;3重庆工港致慧增材制造技术服务有限公司,重庆市   400030
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-18 修回日期:2020-01-04 接受日期:2020-02-26 出版日期:2021-02-08 发布日期:2020-11-25
  • 通讯作者: 林一民,主任技师,重庆大学附属肿瘤医院,肿瘤转移与个体化诊治转化研究重庆市重点实验室,重庆市 400030
  • 作者简介:彭坤,男,1982年生,重庆市人,汉族,博士,副教授,主要从事生物医学、智能医学的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市自然科学基金(cstc2018jcyjAX0828);重庆市高等学校青年骨干教师资助计划(2016)

Development prospect of orthopedic rehabilitation medicine based on three-dimensional printing technology

Peng Kun1, Lin Yimin2, Gan Xiaoling1, Wu Zhiyong3   

  1. 1Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China; 2Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China; 3Chongqing Gonggang Zhihui Additive Manufacturing Technology Service Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400030, China
  • Received:2019-12-18 Revised:2020-01-04 Accepted:2020-02-26 Online:2021-02-08 Published:2020-11-25
  • Contact: Lin Yimin, Chief technician, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
  • About author:Peng Kun, MD, Associate professor, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China
  • Supported by:
    the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, No. cstc2018jcyjAX0828; the Backbone Teachers Foundation Youth Fund of Chongqing Colleges and Universities, No. 2016

摘要:

文题释义:
3D打印技术:又称增材制造技术、激光堆积型技术或激光快速成型技术,是一种以数字模型文件为基础,运用粉末状金属或塑料的可黏合材料,通过逐层打印的方式来构造物体的技术。它是集机械工程、CAD、逆向工程技术、分层制造技术、数控技术、材料科学、激光技术于一身,可以自动、直接、快速、精确地将设计思想转变为具有一定功能的原型或直接制造零件,从而为零件原型制作、新设计思想的校验等方面提供一种高效低成本的实现手段。主流3D打印技术有:激光粉末烧结成型、三维打印、激光固化和熔融沉积造型。
骨科康复学:主要研究骨与关节、肌肉及神经系统和软组织的损伤、畸形和疾病所致的功能障碍及康复处理,是骨科学的一个分支。现代骨科康复学把功能训练、假肢和矫形器辅助、手术治疗作为它的3个基本组成部分,上述3大手段都是围绕着康复的目标进行的,包括手术性治疗和非手术性治疗。

背景:3D精准打印在骨科康复医学中的应用正受到临床医生、工程师和科研人员的重视。
目的:综述3D打印技术在骨科康复学方面的发展情况。
方法:应用计算机检索CNKI数据库、万方数据库、PubMed数据库及Elsevier数据库中2011至2019年收录的相关文献,中文检索词为“3D精准打印、骨科康复医学、人工智能”,英文检索词为 “3D Precision Printing,Orthopedic rehabilitation medicine,Artificial Intelligence”。
结果与结论:目前,3D精准打印在骨科康复医学应用中的关键技术,包括医学图像处理与3D建模、手术模拟规划系统、手术导板设计、植入物设计与3D精准打印装备等。其中通过多层面重组、容积再现技术、最大密度投影、最小密度投影和表面阴影显示等3D重建技术读取医学数字数据,实现可视化医学图像处理与3D建模,可提升医患沟通效率;通过计算机来模拟医生的康复手术思维过程和智能行为,制造类似于医生人脑智能的云服务中心,辅助医生开展康复手术规划;利用个性化康复手术导板设计软件辅助,可实现移植骨截骨导板为医生规划截骨线和截骨范围,缩短手术时间,提高手术安全性;利用聚合材料、金属材料、陶瓷材料等作为3D打印材料还存在力学适配、生理适配不理想等问题;常见生物3D设计软件的自动化程度偏低,易出现骨科医疗器械性能与缺损部位的匹配度不理想、植入物内部孔隙结构单一等问题;然而,3D精准打印技术应用于浸入式康复医学教学系统对于跨学科医工结合的康复医学人才培养有益处。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-7893 (彭坤)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程


关键词: 骨, 材料, 3D, 康复, 人工智能, 医学图像, 现代化, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The application of three-dimensional (3D) precision printing in orthopedic rehabilitation medicine is attracting more and more attention from clinicians, engineers and researchers.
OBJECTIVE: To review the development of 3D printing in orthopedic rehabilitation.
METHODS: Relevant documents published from 2011 to 2019 were retrieved from CNKI database, Wanfang database, PubMed database and Elsevier database by computer. The search terms were “3D Precision Printing, Orthopedic rehabilitation medicine, Artificial Intelligence” in English and Chinese.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, 3D precision printing is the key technology in the application of orthopedic rehabilitation medicine, including medical image processing and 3D modeling, surgical simulation planning system, surgical guide board design, implant design and 3D precision printing equipment. Among them, 3D reconstruction technologies such as multiplanar reconstructions, volume rendering technique, maximum intensity projection, minimum intensity projection and surface shaded display are used to read medical digital data and realize visual medical image processing and 3D modeling, which can improve doctor-patient communication efficiency. The thinking process and intelligent behavior of doctors in rehabilitation surgery can be simulated by computer, and a cloud service center with function similar to the brain intelligence of doctors is created to assist doctors in the planning of rehabilitation surgery. With the aid of personalized rehabilitation surgery guide board design software, the bone graft osteotomy guide board can be used to plan the osteotomy line and osteotomy range for the doctor, which can shorten the operation time and improve the operation safety. Using polymer materials, metal materials, ceramic materials and other materials as 3D printing materials, there are still problems such as poor mechanical adaptation and physiological adaptation. The automation degree of common biological 3D design software is relatively low, which is prone to problems such as unsatisfactory matching between the performance of orthopedic medical devices and the defect site, and single internal pore structure of implants. However, the application of 3D precision printing technology in the immersion rehabilitation medicine teaching system is beneficial to the cultivation of rehabilitation medicine talents combining with interdisciplinary medical workers.

Key words: bone, material, 3D, rehabilitation, artificial intelligence, medical image, modernization, review

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