中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (9): 1371-1377.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2491

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

有限元法分析车辆低频振动时不同退变程度人体腰椎的力学响应

刘  杰1,范若寻1,高甲子2,曾  晟3,刘  军4   

  1. 1吉林化工学院,汽车工程学院,吉林省吉林市  132022;2吉林大学,机械科学与工程学院,吉林省长春市  130025;3中国石油工程建设有限公司,北京设计分公司,北京市  100000;4吉林大学第二医院,吉林省长春市   130025
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-12 修回日期:2019-01-21 接受日期:2019-03-26 出版日期:2020-03-28 发布日期:2020-02-12
  • 通讯作者: 范若寻,博士,讲师,吉林化工学院,汽车工程学院,吉林省吉林市 132022
  • 作者简介:刘杰,女,1988年生,辽宁省辽阳市人,蒙古族,2013年辽宁工业大学毕业,硕士,助教,主要从事车辆人机工程学相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省教育厅科学技术项目(JJKH20180560KJ)

Mechanical responses of the degenerated lumbar spines with different degrees at low frequency vibration generated by vehicle driving using finite element analysis 

Liu Jie1, Fan Ruoxun1, Gao Jiazi2, Zeng Sheng3, Liu Jun4   

  1. 1School of Automotive Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology; 2School of Engineering Mechanics, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, Jilin Province, China; 3Beijing Design Branch of China Petroleum Engineering Construction Co., Ltd., Beijing 100000, China; 4the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130025, Jilin Province, China
  • Received:2019-01-12 Revised:2019-01-21 Accepted:2019-03-26 Online:2020-03-28 Published:2020-02-12
  • Contact: Fan Ruoxun, MD, Lecturer, School of Automotive Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, Jilin Province, China
  • About author:Liu Jie, Master, Lecturer assistant, School of Automotive Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, Jilin Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Science and Technology Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Education, No. JJKH20180560KJ

摘要:

文题释义:
腰椎退变形式:老龄化或伤病均有可能导致腰椎发生退变,其中腰椎退变形式主要包括腰椎间隙高度丢失、椎体产生骨质增生,以及椎体发生弥漫性硬化。针对不同情况,有可能3种情况同时发生,也有可能只发生其中一种情况,但是无论哪种情况发生,均会导致腰椎力学性能下降。
车辆振动频率:当车辆在良好铺装路面行驶时,路面对车轮的激励会通过汽车座椅传递至人体腰椎,此振动载荷属于低频振动,激振频率主要分布在1-6 Hz范围内,由于人体腰椎对振动频率变化较为敏感,所以车辆低频振动有可能导致腰椎共振的发生。

背景:长期处于车辆低频振动环境中不利于人体腰椎健康,且部分驾驶员腰椎已发生了一定程度的退变,然而车辆低频振动对不同退变程度腰椎的损伤机制尚无定论。

目的:通过对比同一腰椎在不同振动环境以及不同腰椎在同一振动环境中的力学响应,确定不同振动频率对不同退变程度腰椎力学性能的影响。

方法:建立4种不同退变程度人体腰椎有限元模型,施加车辆正常行驶时可能产生的低频振动,模拟腰椎在低频振动作用下的力学响应。

结果与结论:①短时间低频振动时,4种腰椎的阻尼减振效果较好,而一旦振动时间过长,中度与重度退变腰椎的力学性能显著下降,因此建议已患有中、重度腰椎退变的驾驶员驾车时间不易过长;②随着退变程度加重,腰椎固有频率有逐渐降低的趋势;③排除共振频率,同一腰椎在不同振动频率作用下力学性能变化不显著,也就是说,驾驶同一辆车在不同良好铺装路面行驶对驾驶员腰椎力学性能的影响并无明显差异。

ORCID: 0000-0002-5428-6679(刘杰)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程


关键词: 腰椎, 驾驶员, 低频振动, 力学性能, 有限元分析, 孔压, 轴向有效应力, 径向应变

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to low-frequency vibration environment generated by vehicle driving is harmful to human lumbar health, and parts of drivers have suffered from lumbar degeneration. However, the damage mechanism of low-frequency vibration generated by vehicle driving on degenerated lumbar spines with different grades has not been studied clearly.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of low-frequency vibration on the degenerated lumbar spines with different degrees by comparing the mechanical responses of the same lumbar spine under the vibrations at different frequencies and different lumbar spines under the same vibration.

METHODS: To simulate the mechanical responses of lumbar spines under low-frequency vibration, four typical finite element models of human lumbar spine with different degrees of degeneration were established, and low-frequency vibrations generated by vehicle driving were applied on these models.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The damping effects of four lumbar spines were better under a short period of vibration, but the mechanical properties of the moderately and severely degenerated lumbar spines degraded significantly when the vibration time was long. Therefore, the drivers with moderately and severely degenerated lumbar spines were not suitable for long-term low-frequency vibration. (2) As the degree of lumbar degeneration aggravated, the lumbar natural frequency gradually decreased. (3) Excluding the resonant frequency, the changes in the mechanical properties of the same lumbar spine under the vibrations at different frequencies were tiny, suggesting that no differences in the mechanical performance of lumbar spine existed when driving on different well-paving roads in one vehicle.

Key words:

lumbar spine, driver, low-frequency vibration, mechanical properties, finite element analysis, pore pressure, axial effective stress, radial strain

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