中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (25): 4081-4087.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2084

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

间充质干细胞对脊髓损伤治疗的研究进展

史  旭，刘京松，万  然，王岩松   

  1. 哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院骨五科，黑龙江省哈尔滨市  150000

  • 收稿日期:2019-10-28 修回日期:2019-10-31 接受日期:2019-11-29 出版日期:2020-09-08 发布日期:2020-08-26
  • 通讯作者: 王岩松，博士，主任医师，哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院骨五科，黑龙江省哈尔滨市150000
  • 作者简介:史旭，男，1994年生，黑龙江省双城县人，汉族，哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院在读硕士，主要从事脊髓损伤方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(81871781)

Research progress in mesenchymal stem cells for treating spinal cord injury

Shi Xu, Liu Jingsong, Wan Ran, Wang Yansong   

  1. Fifth Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China

  • Received:2019-10-28 Revised:2019-10-31 Accepted:2019-11-29 Online:2020-09-08 Published:2020-08-26
  • Contact: Wang Yansong, MD, Chief physician, Fifth Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • About author:Shi Xu, Master candidate, Fifth Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81871781

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摘要：

文题释义：

脊髓损伤：由于外界直接或间接因素导致的脊髓相应节段损伤，损伤后出现各种运动、感觉和括约肌功能障碍、肌张力异常及病理反射等相应改变。如何使受损的神经结构进行再生和修复，从而促进神经功能的恢复仍是当前治疗的难点和研究的热点。脊髓损伤主要表现在急性期出现脊髓损伤处神经元的坏死、少突胶质细胞的凋亡、髓鞘的崩解、神经束变性坏死以引发的炎症反应等。对于脊髓损伤的治疗往往是通过对以上几方面的修复来实现的。

间充质干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤的作用机制：间充质干细胞以其高度的可塑性、在一定条件下可向神经细胞诱导分化等优点使其可以在不同个体间移植。间充质干细胞体内移植后通过分化为神经细胞替代已损伤的神经元；间充质干细胞进入病变区后通过旁分泌释放大量的抗炎因子、细胞因子、生长因子及细胞黏附因子来改变脊髓损伤微环境；间充质干细胞能产生多种细胞外基质，促进神经元轴突再生、髓鞘化并可诱导细胞方向性生长和迁移等。

 

摘要

背景：脊髓损伤是人类致残率最高的疾病之一，由于脊髓轴突再生能力有限，恢复难度大，常导致严重的神经后遗症，对脊髓损伤治疗方法的探索已成为研究热点。随着生物学及分子生物学研究的不断深入，研究发现间充质干细胞治疗脊髓损伤表现出巨大的潜力，为脊髓损伤的修复带来了曙光。

目的：综述间充质干细胞对于脊髓损伤的治疗作用、性质、应用、局限性及发展前景。

方法：检索PubMed、Web of Science数据库及万方、CNKI中国期刊全文数据库收录的间充质干细胞治疗脊髓损伤的相关文章，英文检索词为“spinal cord injury，mesenchymal stem cell”，中文检索词为“脊髓损伤，间充质干细胞”，按纳入和排除标准共纳入文献85篇进行归纳总结。

结果与结论：间充质干细胞通过多种作用机制修复脊髓损伤，如间充质干细胞体内移植后通过分化为神经细胞替代已损伤的神经元；通过旁分泌机制分泌各种营养物质来改变脊髓损伤微环境的变化；同时间充质干细胞产生多种细胞外基质，为再生轴突提供支持物，促进神经元轴突再生。虽然在基础实验中间充质干细胞治疗脊髓损伤能起到较好的疗效，但间充质干细胞在临床中的应用却差强人意，还需要更深入地探索间充质干细胞对于脊髓损伤的作用机制。

ORCID: 0000-0002-3216-3301(史旭)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程

关键词:

脊髓损伤, 间充质干细胞,  分化作用,  旁分泌作用,  细胞外基质

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury is one of the diseases with highest disability. Due to the limited regeneration ability of spinal axons, it is difficult to recover and often leads to severe neurological sequelae. Treatment for spinal cord injury has become a hotspot. With the continuous development of biological and molecular biology



research, mesenchymal stem cells have been found to possess big potential for treating spinal cord injury, and bring hope for the repair of spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE: To review the treatment efficacy, property, application, limitations and prospects of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury.

METHODS: Databases of PubMed, Web of Science, WanFang and CNKI were searched for the articles concerning mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury. The keywords were “spinal cord injury, mesenchymal stem cell” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally, 85 articles eligible for the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included for result analysis.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cells repair spinal cord injury through a variety of mechanisms. For example, after in vivo transplantation, mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into neurons to replace damaged neurons. They secrete various nutrients through paracrine to regulate the microenvironment of spinal cord injury. Meanwhile, mesenchymal stem cells produce various extracellular matrixes, and provide support for axon regeneration, thus promoting neuronal axon regeneration. Although basic experiments have shown that mesenchymal stem cells exert satisfactory role in the treatment of spinal cord injury, the clinical outcome of mesenchymal stem cells is unsatisfactory. It is necessary to further explore the mechanism of action of mesenchymal stem cells in spinal cord injury. 

Key words:

spinal cord injury,  mesenchymal stem cells,  differentiation,  paracrine,  extracellular matrix

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