中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (10): 1508-1520.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.10.020

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    

脂肪干细胞分离、纯化和保存:研究进展与未来方向

陈犹白1,2,陈聪慧3,Qixu Zhang2,韩 岩1   

  1. 1解放军总医院整形修复科,北京市 100853;2美国德克萨斯大学MD安德森肿瘤中心整形外科,美国休斯敦 77030;3美莱医疗美容医院口腔美容中心,北京市 100020
  • 收稿日期:2016-01-16 出版日期:2016-03-04 发布日期:2016-03-04
  • 通讯作者: 韩岩,主任医师,教授,博士生导师,解放军总医院整形修复科,北京市 100853 并列通讯作者:Qixu Zhang,助理教授,美国德克萨斯大学MD安德森肿瘤中心整形外科,休斯敦 77030
  • 作者简介:陈犹白,男,1986年生,黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市人,汉族,解放军医学院在读博士,美国德克萨斯大学MD安德森肿瘤中心联合培养博士,医师,主要从事脂肪干细胞和组织工程的研究。

Isolation, purification and preservation of adipose-derived stem cells: research progress and future development

Chen You-bai1, 2, Chen Cong-hui3, Qixu Zhang2, Han Yan1   

  1. 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; 2Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, Texas, USA; 3Dental Cosmetic Center, Mylike Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
  • Received:2016-01-16 Online:2016-03-04 Published:2016-03-04
  • Contact: Han Yan, Chief physician, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 1000853, China Corresponding author: Qixu Zhang, Assistant professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, Texas, USA
  • About author:Chen You-bai, Studying for doctorate, Physician, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 1000853, China; Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, Texas, USA

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

文题释义:

基质血管成分:即脂肪组织经过消化离心后获得的细胞沉淀,其中脂肪干细胞约占10%,此外还包括脂肪前体细胞、内皮祖细胞、内皮细胞、周细胞、平滑肌细胞、成纤维细胞、造血干细胞、白细胞、红细胞、T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞、单核细胞和巨噬细胞等。很多研究忽略了基质血管成分的异质性,误将基质血管成分作为脂肪干细胞研究。只有区分基质血管成分和脂肪干细胞,才能明确脂肪干细胞的功能和作用。
Cytori是一种FDA批准的自动脂肪干细胞分离系统,此系统将分离时间缩短至1.0-2.0 h内,获得的细胞可以直接应用于患者。基于此系统的细胞疗法称为Cytori Cell TherapyTM,已被批准应用于治疗慢性心衰、急性心肌梗死和乳腺癌术后乳房重建等,其他适应证如硬皮病、骨关节炎、热灼伤和辐射伤、尿失禁等一系列不同阶段的临床试验正在开展之中。

 

背景:2001年,Zuk等从吸脂术抽出的脂肪中发现了脂肪干细胞,揭开了干细胞研究的新篇章。近年来的研究证实,干细胞广泛存在于体内各组织,但脂肪干细胞以其来源广泛、获取简单等优点,一直以来是整形修复科、组织工程和再生医学等相关学科的研究重点。
目的:从脂肪组织的取材、脂肪干细胞的分离、纯化、传代培养和冻存等方面进行综述,讨论上述过程中影响脂肪干细胞产量、增殖和分化能力的主要因素,同时提出目前的问题和未来的研究方向。
方法:于2015年9月10日在PubMed中以(adipose stem cells[Title]) OR (adipose-derived stem cells[Title]) OR (adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells[Title])作为检索式进行检索,在SinoMed中以(“脂肪干细胞”[中文标题:智能])or(“脂肪间充质干细胞”[中文标题:智能])作为检索式进行检索。通过标题及摘要判断其主要内容,最终选取81篇代表性文献。文章还介绍了美国德克萨斯大学MD安德森肿瘤中心整形科和TRAMCEL实验室(Tissue Regeneration and Molecular Cell Engineering Lab)的相关经验。

结果与结论:脂肪组织分布广泛,给脂肪干细胞提供了充足的来源。利用吸脂术获得脂肪组织,患者痛苦小,供区损伤低。胶原酶消化法操作简单,产量高,仍然是基础实验中脂肪干细胞的主要分离方法,但是临床应用中一般不分离脂肪干细胞,或者利用临床级的无异种胶原酶甚至无酶的分离方法。脂肪干细胞的产量、表型、增殖和分化能力等生物学特性会受到取材和分离过程中多种因素的影响,因此目前需要制定标准化的脂肪干细胞分离准则。 

ORCID: 0000-0002-6810-2957 (韩岩)

关键词: 干细胞, 脂肪干细胞, 分离, 纯化, 冻存, 组织工程

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: In 2001, Zuk et al found adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) from the aspirate of liposuction for the first time, which launched a new era of stem cell research. In recent years, stem cells have been proved to widely exist in many tissues and organs. ASCs are always in the spotlight of plastic and reconstructive surgery, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine because of extensive sources and simple isolation.
OBJECTIVE: To review the fat tissue harvesting and ASCs isolation, purification, expansion, and cryopreservation, to discuss the main factors which influence the yield, proliferation capacity and differentiation potential of ASCs, and to predict the future research interests based on current issues.
METHODS: On September 10th, 2015, relevant articles were searched in PubMed using the following format: (adipose stem cells[Title]) OR (adipose-derived stem cells[Title]) OR (adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells[Title]) and in SinoMed using the following format in Chinese: (“adipose-derived stem cells” [Title])or(“adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells”[Title]). Finally, 81 representative articles were included according to their titles and abstracts. In this review, we also introduced relevant experience about the aforementioned procedures from the Department of Plastic Surgery and Tissue Regeneration and Molecular Cell Engineering Lab of University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The widely dispersed fat tissues potentially provide abundant stem cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Liposuction is a mini-invasive approach for harvesting fat tissues. Collagenase digestion is the major method for ASCs isolation due to its simplicity and high yield in basic research. However, clinical fat transplantation without ASCs isolation or non-collagenase isolation of stromal vascular fraction or ASCs is preferred. The phenotype, proliferation and differentiation capacity of ASCs may be affected by several factors during the fat tissue harvesting and ASCs isolation. Therefore, a standard protocol for ASCs isolation is needed.