中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 522-528.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.04.012

• 脊柱植入物 spinal implant • 上一篇    下一篇

经伤椎和跨伤椎螺钉置入固定胸腰椎压缩性骨折:脊柱稳定性长期随访

谢 申1,祝少博2   

  1. 1湖北省鄂州市中心医院骨科,湖北省鄂州市 436000;2武汉大学中南医院骨科,湖北省武汉市 430071
  • 收稿日期:2015-12-09 出版日期:2016-01-22 发布日期:2016-01-22
  • 作者简介:谢申,男,1971年生,湖北省鄂州市人,汉族,1994年湖北医科大学毕业,副主任医师,主要从事脊柱及创伤外科研究。
  • 基金资助:
    2013年湖北省自然科学基金资助项目(2013CFB269)

Vertebral and inter-vertebral screw fixation for treating thoracolumbar compression fracture: a long-term follow-up of spinal stability

Xie Shen1, Zhu Shao-bo2   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou 436000, Hubei Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2015-12-09 Online:2016-01-22 Published:2016-01-22
  • About author:Xie Shen, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou 436000, Hubei Province, China
  • Supported by:

     the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province in 2013, No. 2013CFB269

摘要:

文章快速阅读: 

 

文题释义:
跨伤椎短节段内固定:传统经后路行跨伤椎椎弓根钉棒内固定治疗,仍然具有较多不尽人意之处,包括切口较长、创伤较大、出血量较大、切口容易感染,并且术中长期的牵拉可能会导致术后胸腰部疼痛和功能活动受限。因此胸腰椎骨折内固定在增强稳定性的同时,尽量减少固定融合节段已经成为共识。

经伤椎单节段内固定:为了解决减少固定节段、增加内固定强度、增加伤椎复位满意度的问题,近年来,不断有学者尝试经伤椎固定。生物力学测试证明,胸腰椎骨折经伤椎椎弓根内固定能加强脊柱的稳定性。在伤椎置入螺钉可以增强术后稳定性,能更好维持骨折椎体的稳定,减少伤椎高度的丢失。

 

背景:经后路椎弓根螺钉置入内固定是胸腰椎压缩性骨折常用的修复方式之一,其固定方式又包括长节段固定、短节段固定及经伤椎固定等多种方式。其中经伤椎单节段固定及跨伤椎短节段固定修复胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效尚未明确。 
目的:比较后路经伤椎与跨伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入内固定修复胸腰椎压缩性骨折的稳定性。
方法:回顾性分析46例胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者的临床资料,根据内固定方式分为经伤椎固定组(n=21)和跨伤椎固定组(n=25)。对两组患者的手术时间、术中出血、术中输血、卧床时间,以及伤椎Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度和目测类比评分进行长期随访评价。
结果与结论:①两组患者在修复治疗过程中,跨伤椎组在手术时间,术中出血和术中输血方面要优于经伤椎组(P < 0.05-0.01),经伤椎组在卧床时间上优于跨伤椎组(P < 0.01)。②Cobb角和伤椎前缘高度方面,两组在治疗前、治疗后和及修复纠正方面差异未见显著性意义,而经伤椎组在末次随访和随访丢失方面要优于跨伤椎组(P < 0.05-0.01)。③在目测类比评分方面,两组组间比较,治疗前、治疗后差异均无显著性意义,而经伤椎组在末次随访时要优于跨伤椎组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01)。④提示经长期随访两种方式均能获得较满意的修复效果,与跨伤椎组相比经伤椎组在维持脊柱的高度和曲度方面优势更加明显,可更加有效的重建脊柱生理序列并恢复其稳定性,修复后腰背痛也可以得到有效控制。 
ORCID: 0000-0003-2171-0119(谢申)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 脊柱植入物, 腰椎, 胸椎, 压缩性骨折, 出血, 输血, Cobb角, 伤椎前缘高度, 目测类比评分, 湖北省自然科学基金

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Posterior pedicle screw fixation is a common method for treatment of thoracolumbar compression fractures. The fixation method contains long-segment fixation, short-segment fixation and vertebral fixation. Clinical effects of vertebral fixation and inter-vertebral short-segment fixation for treating thoracolumbar fractures remain unclear. 
OBJECTIVE: To compare the stability of posterior vertebral fixation and inter-vertebral pedicle screw fixation for treating thoracolumbar compression fractures. 
METHODS: Clinical data of 46 patients with thoracolumbar compression fractures were retrospectively analyzed. According to the fixation methods, they were divided into the vertebral fixation group (n=21) and inter-vertebral fixation group (n=25). The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, intraoperative blood transfusion, the time of lying in bed, vertebral Cobb angle, anterior vertebral height and visual analog scores were evaluated for a long time.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) During repair, in both groups, operation time, intraoperative bleeding and intraoperative blood transfusion were better in the inter-vertebral fixation group than in the vertebral fixation group (P < 0.05-0.01). The time of lying in bed was better in the vertebral fixation group than in inter-vertebral fixation group (P < 0.01). (2) No significant difference in Cobb angle and anterior vertebral height was detected before and after treatment and during repair in both groups, but final follow-up and follow-up loss were better in the vertebral fixation group than in inter-vertebral fixation group (P < 0.05-0.01). (3) No significant difference in visual analog scores was detected before and after treatment in both groups. Visual analog scores were better in the vertebral fixation group than in the inter-vertebral fixation group (P < 0.01). (4) These results suggested that the two fixation methods obtained satisfactory repair effects in long-term follow-up. The dominance in maintaining the height and curvature of the spine was more obvious in the vertebral fixation group than in the inter-vertebral fixation group. The vertebral fixation can be more effective to reconstruct the spinal physiological sequence and restore its stability. After repair, low back pain can also be effectively controlled.