中国组织工程研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (44): 7108-7113.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.44.011

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

全膝关节置换后镇痛:超前和多模式联合镇痛的比较

田 渊1,王智勇2,张志强2   

  1. 1山西医科大学,山西省太原市  030000;2山西医科大学第二医院,山西省太原市  030001
  • 收稿日期:2015-09-05 出版日期:2015-10-22 发布日期:2015-10-22
  • 通讯作者: 张志强,山西医科大学第二医院,山西省太原市 030001
  • 作者简介:田渊,主要从事骨与关节软骨损伤方面的研究。

Analgesia after total knee arthroplasty: comparison of preemptive analgesia and multimodal combined analgesia

Tian Yuan1, Wang Zhi-yong2, Zhang Zhi-qiang2   

  1. 1Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China; 2Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2015-09-05 Online:2015-10-22 Published:2015-10-22
  • Contact: Zhang Zhi-qiang, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Tian Yuan, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China

摘要:

背景:全膝关节置换围置换期多模式镇痛方案较多,但是尚无最理想的方案。
目的:探讨多模式及超前镇痛对人工全膝关节置换后镇痛效果的影响。
方法:收集因重度骨关节炎行单侧人工膝关节置换的患者共120例,按照不同镇痛方案将患者分为4组,每组30例。对照组置换前和置换术中均无相应镇痛措施,超前镇痛组置换前口服塞来昔布,鸡尾酒镇痛组置换过程中行鸡尾酒关节周围注射,多模式联合镇痛组置换前口服塞来昔布+置换过程中行鸡尾酒关节周围注射,各组置换后均应用静脉自控镇痛泵。分别测量4组患者全膝关节置换后不同时间点膝关节主动屈曲活动度、静息、活动状态下的目测类比评分及膝关节KSS评分,并记录置换后患者不良反应发生情况。
结果与结论:在置换后不同时间点膝关节主动屈曲活动度、静息、活动状态下的目测类比评分及膝关节KSS评分方面,超前镇痛组、鸡尾酒镇痛组和多模式联合镇痛组均优于对照组(P均 < 0.05),多模式联合镇痛组均优于超前镇痛组及鸡尾酒镇痛组(P均 < 0.05),而超前镇痛组和鸡尾酒镇痛组差异无显著性意义(P均 > 0.05)。4组患者中置换后2周内出现的恶心、呕吐例数差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),均未出现双下肢深静脉血栓及切口坏死感染情况。提示全膝关节置换前超前镇痛、置换过程中局部注射镇痛、置换后应用静脉自控泵的联合镇痛效果比较理想,不良反应并未增加,且操作简单安全。目前多模式联合镇痛已为大家所接受,但真正做到全膝关节置换后无痛,尚需更多努力。
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨科植入物, 人工假体, 全膝关节置换, 多模式镇痛, 超前镇痛, 鸡尾酒镇痛, 不良反应

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: There are many multimodal analgesia schemes in perioperative period of total knee arthroplasty, but there is no ideal scheme.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of multi-mode and preemptive analgesia on analgesic effect after total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS: 120 patients with severe osteoarthritis who underwent unilateral knee arthroplasty were enrolled in this study. According to different analgesic effects, the patients could be divided into four groups (n=30). In the control group, no corresponding analgesic measures were found before and during replacement. In the preemptive analgesia group, celecoxib was orally taken before replacement. In the cocktail analgesia group, cocktail was periarticularly injected during replacement. In the multimodal combined analgesia group, celecoxib was orally taken before replacement + cocktail was periarticularly injected during replacement. After replacement, intravenous patient-controlled analgesia pump was applied in each group. Active flexion range-of-motion, visual analogue scale score in the resting and active states and knee Keen Society Score were measured at various time points after total knee arthroplasty in four groups. Adverse reactions were recorded after replacement.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Active flexion range-of-motion, visual analogue scale score in the resting and active states and knee Keen Society Score were better in the preemptive analgesia, cocktail analgesia and  
multimodal combined analgesia groups than in the control group at various time points after replacement (all P < 0.05). Above indexes were better in the multimodal combined analgesia group than in the preemptive analgesia and cocktail analgesia groups (all P < 0.05). No significant difference in above indexes was detected between the preemptive analgesia and cocktail analgesia groups (all P > 0.05). No significant difference in the number of cases affecting nausea and vomiting was detected at 2 weeks after replacement in the four groups (P > 0.05). There was no deep venous thrombosis of double lower limbs or necrosis and infection of incision. These findings suggest that the effects of preemptive analgesia before total knee arthroplasty, local injection analgesia during replacement, and the combined analgesia of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia pump after replacement were ideal. Adverse reactions did not increase, and the operation was safe. At present, multimodal combined analgesia has been accepted by us, but to achieve truly painless results after total knee arthroplasty still needs more efforts.
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Analgesia, Osteoarthritis, Knee, Tissue Engineering