中国组织工程研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (31): 4938-4943.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.31.004

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

静脉输注氨甲环酸对全膝关节置换后隐性失血的影响

赵旻暐,李子剑,张  克,曾  琳,方  拓   

  1. 北京大学第三医院骨科,北京市  100191
  • 收稿日期:2015-06-09 出版日期:2015-07-23 发布日期:2015-07-23
  • 通讯作者: 李子剑,博士,副主任医师,北京大学第三医院骨科,北京市 100191
  • 作者简介:赵旻暐,男,1982年生,北京市人,汉族,2009年北京大学毕业,博士,主治医师,主要从事成人膝髋关节重建外科研究。

Effect of intravenous tranexamic acid on hidden blood loss in total knee arthroplasty 

Zhao Min-wei, Li Zi-jian, Zhang Ke, Zeng Lin, Fang Tuo   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, the Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2015-06-09 Online:2015-07-23 Published:2015-07-23
  • Contact: Li Zi-jian, M.D., Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, the Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
  • About author:Zhao Min-wei, M.D., Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, the Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China

摘要:

背景:人工全膝关节置换过程中,止血带的使用、手术创伤等因素会导致纤溶系统的异常激活,是术后失血的主要原因。氨甲环酸是一类抗纤溶药物,在人工全膝关节置换中使用,可减少置换后显性失血、总失血量,并降低异体血输血率。然而,氨甲环酸对人工全膝关节置换后隐性失血的影响尚未明确。
目的:观察静脉输注氨甲环酸对初次全膝关节置换后隐性失血的影响。
方法:回顾性分析2013年6至12月北京大学第三医院行初次单侧全膝关节置换54例患者的临床资料,按照是否使用氨甲环酸分为两组。氨甲环酸组22例在术中经静脉给予总量2 g的氨甲环酸,对照组32例使用等量生理盐水。两组患者置换后均口服利伐沙班抗凝。记录患者置换前及置换后连续5 d的血红蛋白、血红细胞压积,采用Gross方程计算总失血量和隐性失血量,比较两组间失血量的差异性。置换后1周行下肢静脉超声检查,判断有无下肢深静脉血栓形成。
结果与结论:两组患者一般资料、围术期情况等比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。氨甲环酸组患者置换后引流量、显性失血量、总失血量、自体血回输量、异体血输注量均明显少于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。根据Gross方程计算隐性失血量,氨甲环酸组为(302.9±189.9) mL,对照组为(596.8±271.4) mL,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。置换后两组各发生1例下肢肌间静脉血栓。提示静脉输注氨甲环酸能显著减少单侧全膝关节置换后隐性失血量,降低异体血输血量,同时不增加下肢静脉血栓的发生率。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 植入物, 人工假体, 氨甲环酸, 全膝关节置换, 隐性失血, 疗效, 静脉血栓

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Massive blood loss was caused by an over-reactive fibrinolytic system, as a sequence of tourniquet usage and surgery trauma in total knee arthroplasty. As an antifibrinolytic drug, tranexamic acid has been proven to decrease not only the obvious and total blood loss, but also the ratio of allograft blood transfusion in total knee arthroplasty. Nevertheless, the effect of tranexamic acid on hidden blood loss in total knee arthroplasty had not been clarified yet.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of intravenous infusion of tranexamic acid on hidden blood loss in primary total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS: Clinical data of 54 patients who received primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty in the Third Hospital, Peking University from June to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into two groups according to the use of tranexamic acid. 22 patients in the tranexamic acid group were given 2 g 
tranexamic acid by intravenous infusion during surgery. 32 patients in the control group were given an equal volume of physiological saline. Patients in both groups were orally given anticoagulant rivaroxaban after replacement. Hemoglobin level and blood hematocrit were recorded before and after surgery for 5 consecutive days. The total amount of blood loss and hidden blood loss were calculated by using Cross equation. The difference in the amount of blood loss was compared between the two groups. Lower extremity venous ultrasound examination was conducted at 1 week after replacement to determine deep venous thrombosis in the lower limb.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No significant difference in general data and perioperative conditions was detected between the two groups (P > 0.05). Postoperative drainage, dominant blood loss, total blood volume, the amount of autologous blood transfusion and the amount of allogeneic blood transfusion were significantly less in the tranexamic acid group than in the control group (P < 0.05). According to Gross formula, the difference of hidden blood loss was statistically significant between the tranexamic acid group (302.9±189.9) mL and the control group (596.8±271.4) mL  (P < 0.05). Deep vein thrombosis appeared in one case between the two groups after replacement. Results indicate that intravenous infusion of tranexamic acid dramatically decreased the hidden blood loss in unilateral total knee arthroplasty, reduced allogeneic blood transfusion, and simultaneously did not increase the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in the lower limb.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Tranexamic Acid, Blood Loss, Surgical

中图分类号: