中国组织工程研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (22): 3525-3530.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.22.016

• 脊柱植入物 spinal implant • 上一篇    下一篇

AO-C1型胸腰椎骨折脱位:可选择4钉2棒置入单节段复位固定

唐焕章,徐  皓,董  亮,赵晓明   

  1. 解放军南京军区福州总医院骨一科,福建医科大学福总临床医学院,福建省福州市  350025
  • 收稿日期:2015-03-14 出版日期:2015-05-28 发布日期:2015-05-28
  • 作者简介:唐焕章,男,1968年生,安徽省歙县人,汉族,1993年解放军第四军医大学毕业,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事脊柱外科研究。
  • 基金资助:

    2014年度南京军区医学科技创新重大课题(14ZX26)

Type AO-C1 thoracolumbar vertebral fracture-dislocations: four-screw two-rod single-segment reduction fixation 

Tang Huan-zhang, Xu Hao, Dong Liang, Zhao Xiao-ming   

  1. Section One, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command of Chinese PLA; Fuzhou Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China)
  • Received:2015-03-14 Online:2015-05-28 Published:2015-05-28
  • About author:Tang Huan-zhang, Master, Associate chief physician, Section One, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command of Chinese PLA; Fuzhou Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the Major Medical Technology Innovation Project in Nanjing Military Command of Chinese PLA in 2014, No. 14ZX26

摘要:

背景:AO-C型胸腰椎急性损伤是一种高能量、不稳定性损伤,导致胸腰椎骨折脱位,多伴有脊髓神经损伤,一般均需后路切开复位、减压、植骨融合、椎弓根钉棒系统多节段内固定,致使脊椎运动节段过多丧失、内植物大量应用。
目的:探讨后路单节段椎弓根钉棒系统置入对AO-C1型胸腰椎骨折脱位的矫治效果。
方法:从2008年1月至2013年12月,对17例AO-C1型胸腰椎骨折脱位患者进行随访。所有患者均一期经后路切开复位、椎弓根钉棒系统内固定,其中8例经脱位椎间隙相邻上下各一椎体4钉2棒单节段固定(4钉2棒组),9例经脱位椎间隙相邻上下椎体行8钉2棒多节段固定(8钉2棒组)。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量;治疗前、治疗后1周及最后随访时,在患者X射线侧位片上测量伤椎后凸Cobb角,采用Frankel分级法进行神经功能评价,采用目测类比评分评估腰背痛程度。
结果与结论:随访1-5年。两组手术时间比较差异有显著性意义,4钉2棒组优于8钉2棒组(P < 0.05);两组术中出血量比较差异无显著性意义。两组胸腰椎骨折脱位内固定后均明显矫正,腰背痛明显缓解。治疗前脊髓功能为Frankel A级的10例患者末次随访时2例恢复至E级,余8例双下肢瘫痪均未恢复;Frankel B级的2例均恢复至E级。伤椎后凸Cobb角、目测类比评分等指标,治疗后1周、末次随访时与治疗前比较,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);而末次随访与治疗后1周比较,差异均无显著性意义;4钉2棒组、8钉2棒组间比较差异均无显著性意义。提示经脱位椎间隙4钉2棒单节段与8钉2棒多节段矫治C1型胸腰椎骨折脱位的疗效无差别。因此AO-C1型胸腰椎骨折脱位可选择4钉2棒置入单节段复位固定。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

 

关键词: 植入物, 脊柱植入物, 脊柱骨折脱位, 胸椎, 腰椎, 单节段, 多节段, 内固定

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The type AO-C1 thoracolumbar acute spine injury is a kind of high-energy instable injury, can cause thoracolumbar fracture-dislocation, and mainly associated with spinal nerve injury. Generally, all needs to posterior open reduction, decompression, bone graft fusion and multiple-segmental internal fixation of pedicle screw rod system, which causes excessive loss of spinal movement segment and a large number of application of internal fixators.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment effect of posterior pedicle screw mono-segmental internal fixation for treatment of the type AO-C1 thoracolumbar vertebrae fracture-dislocations.
METHODS: From January 2008 to December 2013, 17 cases of type AO-C1 thoracolumbar fracture-dislocation were followed up. All patients were treated with one-stage posterior open reduction and pedicle screw-rod fixation. 
Of them, eight cases received four screws and two rods for single-segment fixation in upper and lower vertebrae adjacent to intervertebral space after dislocation (4-screw 2-rod group). Nine cases received eight screws and two rods for multiple-segment fixation in the upper and lower vertebrae adjacent to intervertebral space after dislocation (8-screw 2-rod group). Operative time and intraoperative blood loss were compared between the two groups. The Cobb’s angle was measured on lateral X-ray film of two groups preoperatively and 1 week postoperatively and during the final follow-up. The neurological function was evaluated by Frankel classification. The visual analogue scale was adopted to assess the degree of low back pain.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Patients were followed up for 1 to 5 years. Significant differences were detected in the operative time between the two groups, and operative time was better in the 4-screw 2-rod group than in the 8-screw 2-rod group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in intraoperative blood loss between the two groups. The deformity of fracture-dislocation had been corrected, and the pain of low back had significantly relieved in all patients after fixation. According to Frankel classification, two cases at Grade A were improved to Grade E, but eight cases at Grade A got no improvement after treatment. Two cases at Grade B were also improved to Grade E at the final follow-up. Significant differences in Cobb’s angle and visual analogue scale were detectable at 1 week postoperatively and during final follow-up as compared with preoperatively (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was visible between final follow-up and 1 week postoperatively. No significant difference in Cobb’s angle and visual analogue scale was observed between the 4-screw 2-rod group and 8-screw 2-rod group. Results indicate that there was no significant difference in the clinical efficacy between 4-screw 2-rod single-segment and 8-screw 2-rod multiple-segment fixation for treating type C1 thoracolumbar vertebrae fracture-dislocation. Therefore, AO-C1 thoracolumbar vertebrae fracture-dislocation could be treated with 4-screw 2-rod single-segment reduction fixation.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

 

Key words: Thoracic Vertebrae, Lumbar Vertebrae, Fractures, Bone, Internal Fixators, Follow-Up Studies

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