中国组织工程研究 ›› 2014, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (22): 3587-3592.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.22.024

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

股骨转子下骨折植入物髓外及髓内固定治疗的规范化

孟位明1,李彦眉2,许红生1,付卫杰1,赵志江1   

  1. 涿州市医院,1骨二科,2普外一科,河北省涿州市 072750
  • 修回日期:2014-03-30 出版日期:2014-05-28 发布日期:2014-05-28
  • 通讯作者: 许红生,涿州市医院骨二科,河北省涿州市 072750
  • 作者简介:孟位明,男,1980年生,河北省辛集市人,汉族,2004年承德医学院毕业,主治医师,主要从事创伤、脊柱疾病研究。

Standardization of extramedullary and intramedullary fixations for subtrochanteric fracture

Meng Wei-ming1, Li Yan-mei2, Xu Hong-sheng1, Fu Wei-jie1, Zhao Zhi-jiang1   

  1. 1Second Department of Orthopedics, 2First Department of General Surgery, Zhuozhou Municipal Hospital, Zhuozhou 072750, Hebei Province, China
  • Revised:2014-03-30 Online:2014-05-28 Published:2014-05-28
  • Contact: Xu Hong-sheng, Second Department of Orthopedics, Zhuozhou Municipal Hospital, Zhuozhou 072750, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Meng Wei-ming, Attending physician, Second Department of Orthopedics, Zhuozhou Municipal Hospital, Zhuozhou 072750, Hebei Province, China

摘要:

背景:股骨转子下骨折的分型及治疗方式经历了长期的发展过程,目前多采用手术治疗,包括髓外和髓内两种固定方式,具体应根据骨折的类型和临床实际情况进行选择,临床上尚无定论。

目的:综述近年国内外对于股骨转子下骨折应用髓内及髓外植入物固定的研究及应用现状。
方法:第一作者检索书籍2部;再检索至2014年3月为止 PubMed数据、万方数据库及中国期刊全文数据库有关内固定治疗股骨转子下骨折的临床试验研究,或内固定治疗股骨转子下骨折安全性及疗效方面相关的报道,分别检索到关于其分型、髓内髓外固定的临床研究文献42篇。

结果与结论:近年来随着股骨转子下骨折内固定方法的进展,在提高骨折愈合率和减少髋关节畸形愈合、活动受限等问题上有了很大的进步。无论是髓外固定、髓内固定,还是人工关节置换,均取得了满意疗效。目前股骨转子下骨折的治疗仍以髓内固定为主。但由于患者骨折的类型、年龄以及骨折疏松情况各不相同,具体选择何种手术方式仍没有统一标准,尚有待进一步的研究。作者认为一般骨折线在小转子以下的可考虑选择股骨交锁髓内钉固定,而高位股骨转子下骨折可选股骨近端抗旋髓内钉固定。但当髓腔狭窄、骨折累及大转子区或梨状肌窝部时,此时应考虑选用股骨近端锁定钢板或LISS治疗。股骨转子下骨折无论选择髓内还是髓外固定,微创及生物固定是目前的发展趋势,发展新型微创操作技术及内固定仍是奋斗的目标。髓内固定虽然拥有优势,但是目前不能完全替代髓外固定,故需强调完善的术前计划、规范的治疗方式和长期的术后随访,以期取得更好的临床结果。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程


全文链接:

关键词: 植入物, 骨植入物, 股骨, 转子下骨折, 髓内固定, 髓外固定, 股骨近端抗旋髓内钉, 股骨近端锁定钢板

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The classification and treatment of subtrochanteric fracture experienced a long process of development. Surgical treatment was currently used popularly, including extramedullary and intramedullary fixation. It should be selected according to the type of fracture and clinical practice, and it is inconclusive in the clinic.  

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the study and present application of intramedullary and extramedullary fixation in the subtrochanteric fracture in recent years.
METHODS: The first author researched two books, and retrieved PubMed, Wanfang Database, and Chinese Journal Full-text Database for articles about clinical trials on fixation for subtrochanteric fractures, and the safety and efficacy of fixation for subtrochanteric fractures published until March 2014. A total of 42 clinical studies on type, intramedullary and extramedullary fixations were selected.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the progress of fixation methods of subtrochanteric fracture, there was a great progress in improving the rate of fracture healing and reducing hip malunion, and limited mobility. Whether extramedullary fixation, intramedullary fixation or arthroplasty, clinical reports have achieved satisfactory results at present. The intramedullary fixation was still dominated among various therapeutic methods. However, the type of fracture, age and osteoporosis fractures were different in patients. There was no uniform standard of the specific choice of surgical approach, which still should be further studied. Authors believed that when fracture line was below the lesser trochanter, interlocking intramedullary nail could be used. High subtrochanteric fracture could utilize proximal femoral nail anti-rotation. However, if the medullary cavity was narrow, the fracture was involved in the greater trochanter or piriformis fossa area, locking proximal femoral plate or less invasive stabilization system could be employed. No matter intramedullary or extramedullary fixation, minimal invasion and biological fixation were the present trend of development. The new minimally invasive techniques and internal fixation are still the goal. Although intramedullary fixation has advantages, but cannot completely replace the current extramedullary fixation. It is important to have a perfect surgery plan, standardized surgical approach and long-term postoperative follow-up, in order to achieve better clinical outcomes.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程


全文链接:

Key words: femoral fractures, internal fixators, fracture fixation, intramedullary, arthroplasty, replacement, hip

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