[1]Melton LJ. Hip fractures: a worldwide problem today and tomorrow. Bone. 1993;14:S1-8.[2]Cummings SR, Rubin SM, Black D. The future of hip fractures in the United States. Numbers, costs, and potential effects of postmenopausal estrogen. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990; 252: 163-166. [3]张英泽.临床创伤骨科流行病学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 2009: 155-159.[4]Lu Yao GL, Keller RB, Littenberg B, et al. Outcomes after displaced fractures of the femoral neck: a meta-analysis of 106 published reports. J Bone Joint Surg. 1994;76(A): 15-25.[5]Barnes R. Problems in the Treatment of Femoral Neck Fractures. Proc R Soc Med. 1970;63(11 Pt 1): 1119-1120. [6]Herzog J, Reuland P, Küper K, et al.Diagnosis of femur head necrosis. A comparison of the performance of nuclear magnetic resonance tomography with scintigraphy and the conventional roentgen image. Rontgenpraxis. 1988;41(2):43-49.[7]Hulth A. Intraosseous phlebography and tracer injections in femoral neck fractures. Angiology. 1970;21(6):413-420. [8]Mariani G, Bruselli L, Kuwert T, et al. A review on the clinical uses of SPECT/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37: 1959-1985. [9]Lang P, Mauz M, Schörner W, et al. Acute fracture of the femoral neck: assessment of femoral head perfusion with gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993;160(2):335-341.[10]Jenny JY, Rapp E, Cordey J. Type of screw does not influence holding power in the femoral head. Acta orthop Scand. 1999;70:435-438.[11]Raaymakers EL. Fractures of the femoral neck: a review and personal statement. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2006; 73(1):45-59.[12]Soontrapa S, Soontrapa S, Srinakarin J, et al. Singh index screening for femoral neck osteoporosis. J Med Assoc Thai. 2005;88 Suppl 5:S13-16.[13]Barnes R, Gardsen R, et al. Subcapital fractures of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg. 1976;58(B):2-24.[14]Zlowodzki M, Bhandari M, Keel M, et al. Perception of Garden's classification for femoral neck fractures: an international survey of 298 orthopaedic trauma surgeons. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2005;125(7):503-505.[15]Raaymakers ELFB, Schafroth M. Die mediale Schenkelhalsfraktur. Kontroversen in der Behandlung. Unfallchirurg. 2002;105:178-186.[16]Thorngren KG, Hommel A, Norrman P, et al. Epidemiology of femoral neck fractures. Injury. 2002;33 (suppl 3):C1-7.[17]Blundell CM, Parker MJ, Pryor GA, et al. Assessment of the AO classification of intracapsular fractures of the proximal femur. J Bone Joint Surg.1998;80(B): 697-683.[18]Tian W, Cui Z, Kan S. Comparison of cannulated screws fixation with different reduction methods at different time points for displaced femoral neck fractures in terms of fracture healing. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2009; 23(4):440-443. [19]Calandruccio RA, Anderson WE. Post-fracture avascular necrosis of the femoral head: correlation of experimental and clinical studies. Clin Orthop. 1980;152:49-84.[20]van Balen R, Steyerberg EW, Polder JJ, et al. Hip fracture in elderly patients: outcomes for function, quality of life, and type of residence. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001;(390): 232-243.[21]Li T, Zhuang Q, Weng X, et al. Cemented versus Uncemented Hemiarthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fractures in Elderly Patients: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e68903.[22]Clement ND, Green K, Murray N, et al. Undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures in the elderly: predicting fixation failure and mortality. A prospective study of 162 patients. J Orthop Sci. 2013;18(4):578-585. [23]Parker MJ, Pryor GA. Internal fixation or arthroplasty for displaced cervical hip fractures in the elderly: a randomised controlled trial of 208 patients. Acta Orthop Scand. 2000; 71(5):440-446.[24]Upadhyay A, Jain P, Mishra P, et al. Delayed internal fixation of fractures of the neck of the femur in young adults. A prospective, randomised study comparing closed and open reduction. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2004;86(7):1035-1040.[25]Kutty S, Pettit P, Powell JN. Intracapsular fracture of the proximal femur fracture after hip resurfacing treated by cannulated screws. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009;91(8): 1100-1102.[26]Ghosh B, Bhattacharjya B, Banerjee K, et al. Management of non-united neck femur fracture by valgus osteotomy--a viable alternative. J Indian Med Assoc. 2012;110(11):819-820. [27]Kaushik A, Sankaran B, Varghese M. To study the role of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in assessing the femoral head vascularity in intracapsular femoral neck fractures. Eur J Radiol. 2010;75(3):364-375.[28]Støen RO, Lofthus CM, Nordsletten L, et al. Randomized Trial of Hemiarthroplasty versus Internal Fixation for Femoral Neck Fractures: No Differences at 6 Years. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013 Aug 24. [29]Viberg B, Overgaard S, Lauritsen J, et al. Lower reoperation rate for cemented hemiarthroplasty than for uncemented hemiarthroplasty and internal fixation following femoral neck fracture: 12- to 19-year follow-up of patients aged 75 years or more. Acta Orthop. 2013;84(3):254-259. [30]Hoelsbrekken SE, Opsahl JH, Stiris M, et al. Failed internal fixation of femoral neck fractures. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2012;132(11):1343-1347. [31]Kakar S, Tornetta P 3rd, Schemitsch EH, et al. Technical considerations in the operative management of femoral neck fractures in elderly patients: a multinational survey. J Trauma. 2007;63(3):641-646.[32]Robinson CM, Saran D, Annan IH. Intracapsular hip fractures. Results of management adopting a treatment protocol. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994;(302):83-91.[33]Zdero R, Keast-Butler O, Schemitsch EH. A biomechanical comparison of two triple-screw methods for femoral neck fracture fixation in a synthetic bone model. J Trauma. 2010; 69(6):1537-1544.[34]Huang HK, Su YP, Chen CM, et al. Displaced femoral neck fractures in young adults treated with closed reduction and internal fixation.Orthopedics. Orthopedics. 2010;33(12):873.[35]Chen Z, He W. Treatment of old femoral neck fracture in young and middle-aged patients with reconstructing femoral neck. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2008; 22(10):1169-1172. [36]Nurmi I, Lüthje P, Narinen A, et al. Treatment outcome and overall costs of femoral neck fractures. Duodecim. 2003; 119(2): 123-130. [37]Geiger F, Schreiner K, Schneider S, et al. Proximal fracture of the femur in elderly patients. The influence of surgical care and patient characteristics on post-operative mortality. Orthopade. 2006;35(6):651-657. [38]Orosz GM, Magaziner J, Hannan EL, et al. Association of timing of surgery for hip fracture and patient outcomes. JAMA. 2004;291(14):1738-1743.[39]Liem IS, Kammerlander C, Raas C, et al. Is there a difference in timing and cause of death after fractures in the elderly? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013;471(9):2846-2851. [40]Raaymakers EL, Marti RK. Nonunion of the femoral neck: possibilities and limitations of the various treatment modalities. Indian J Orthop. 2008;42(1):13-21. [41]Wongwai T, Wajanavisit W, Woratanarat P. Non-union and avascular necrosis of delayed reduction and screw fixation in displaced femoral neck fracture in young adults. J Med Assoc Thai. 2012;95 Suppl 10:S120-127. [42]Viberg B, Overgaard S, Lauritsen J, et al. Lower reoperation rate for cemented hemiarthroplasty than for uncemented hemiarthroplasty and internal fixation following femoral neck fracture: 12- to 19-year follow-up of patients aged 75 years or more. Acta Orthop. 2013;84(3):254-259. [43]Deangelis JP, Ademi A, Staff I, et al. Cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures: a prospective randomized trial with early follow-up. J Orthop Trauma. 2012;26(3):135-140.[44]Hedbeck CJ, Enocson A, Lapidus G, et al. Comparison of bipolar hemiarthroplasty with total hip arthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures: a concise four-year follow-up of a randomized trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011;93(5):445-450. [45]Xu GJ, Li ZJ, Ma JX, et al. Anterior versus posterior approach for treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures: a meta-analysis. Eur Spine J. 2013 Sep 7. [46]Leunig M, Ganz R. Vascularity of the femoral head after Birmingham hip resurfacing. A technetium Tc 99m bone scan/single photon emission computed tomography study. J Arthroplasty. 2007;22(5):784-286.[47]Amarasekera HW, Roberts P, Costa ML, Parsons Net al. Scintigraphic assessment of bone status at one year following hip resurfacing: Comparison of two surgical approaches using SPECT-CT scan. Bone Joint Res. 2012;1(5):86-92.[48]Singh MP, Aggarwal AN, Arora A, et al. Unstable recent intracapsular femoral neck fractures in young adults: osteosynthesis and primary valgus osteotomy using broad dynamic compression plate. Indian J Orthop. 2008;42(1): 43-48.[49]Bhuyan BK. Augmented osteosynthesis with tensor fascia latae muscle pedicle bone grafting in neglected femoral neck fracture. Indian J Orthop. 2012;46(4):439-446.[50]Jun X, Chang-Qing Z, Kai-Gang Z, et al. Modified free vascularized fibular grafting for the treatment of femoral neck nonunion. J Orthop Trauma. 2010;24(4):230-235. [51]Sen RK, Tripathy SK, Goyal T,et al. Osteosynthesis of femoral-neck nonunion with angle blade plate and autogenous fibular graft. Int Orthop. 2012;36(4):827-832.[52]Rasi R, Rasiová M, Morochovic R, et al. Current trends of the treatment of the femoral neck fractures in seniors. Rozhl Chir. 2007;86(5):249-253.[53]Reuling EM, Sierevelt IN, van den Bekerom MP, et al. Predictors of functional outcome following femoral neck fractures treated with an arthroplasty: limitations of the Harris hip score. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2012;132(2):249-256. [54]Lee BP, Berry DJ, Harmsen WS, et al. Total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of an acute fracture of the femoral neck: long-term results. 1998;80(A):70-75.[55]Keating JF, Grant A, Masson M, et al. Displaced intracapsular hip fractures in fit, older people: a randomised comparison of reduction and fixation, bipolar hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty. Health Technol Assess. 2005;9(41):iii-iv, ix-x, 1-65.[56]Chaplin VK, Matharu GS, Knebel RW. Complications following hemiarthroplasty for displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures in the absence of routine follow-up. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2013;95(4):271-274. [57]Alazzawi S, Jehan S. Unipolar versus bipolar uncemented hemiarthroplasty for elderly patients with displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2011;19(2):260-261.[58]Heetveld MJ, Rogmark C, Frihagen F, et al. Internal fixation versus arthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures: what is the evidence? J Orthop Trauma. 2009;23(6):395-402.[59]Park KS, Oh CS, Yoon TR. Comparison of Minimally Invasive Total Hip Arthroplasty versus Conventional Hemiarthroplasty for Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures in Active Elderly Patients. Chonnam Med J. 2013;49(2):81-86. |