中国组织工程研究

• 骨与关节学术探讨 academic discussion of the bone and joint • 上一篇    下一篇

注入骨水泥治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折:成熟技术中的常见问题

韩卫东1,黄爱军1,陈丽萍2   

  1. 1深圳市福田区人民医院骨科,广东省深圳市  518000 
    2深圳市福田区第二人民医院肾内科,广东省深圳市  518000
  • 收稿日期:2012-12-15 修回日期:2013-04-12 出版日期:2013-06-25 发布日期:2013-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 黄爱军,硕士,主治医师,深圳市福田区人民医院骨科,广东省深圳市 518000 omego@qq.com
  • 作者简介:韩卫东,男,1968年生,广东省梅州市人,汉族,1992年中山医科大学毕业,副主任医师,主要从事脊柱外科研究。 hanwd88@163.com

Bone cement injection for the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic fractures: Common problems in the mature technology

Han Wei-dong1, Huang Ai-jun1, Chen Li-ping2   

  1. 1 Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen  518000, Guangdong Province, China
    2 Department of Nephrology, Second People’s Hospital of Futian District, Shenzhen  518000, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2012-12-15 Revised:2013-04-12 Online:2013-06-25 Published:2013-06-25
  • Contact: Huang Ai-jun, Master, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China omego@qq.com
  • About author:Han Wei-dong, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China Hanwd88@163.com

摘要:

背景:注入骨水泥是胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折常用的固定方法之一。
目的:评估注入骨水泥内固定胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折的生物力学性能以及固定效果。
方法:选取骨质疏松胸腰椎标本,测定骨密度以及最大压力载荷、位移、刚度等力学性能指标,建立骨折模型,注入骨水泥固定后,再次测定最大压力载荷、位移、刚度指标,比较注入骨水泥固定前后生物性能的变化,同时与椎弓根螺钉固定胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折的生物学性能进行比较。对注入骨水泥固定胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折的患者进行随访观察,通过评估患者缓解疼痛程度、胸腰椎体高度恢复程度以及骨水泥注入量和骨水泥外渗等情况,明确注入骨水泥固定治疗的效果。
结果与结论:生物力学实验测定注入骨水泥固定胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折后的最大载荷为2 285 N,比骨折前承受的最大载荷1 954 N强度增加了近16.9%,注入骨水泥固定胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折后的刚度为427 N,比骨折前刚度349 N增加了近22.1%,显示出良好的生物性能。对应用注入骨水泥固定胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折的患者以及应用闭合复位注入骨水泥固定胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折的患者进行随访观察,结果发现2种方法均可以使患者的疼痛得到明显的缓解,而闭合复位注入骨水泥固定胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折时骨水泥注入量、局部后凸角以及椎体高度恢复情况均更好,表明闭合复位辅助下注入骨水泥固定是胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折安全有效的治疗方法。

关键词: 骨关节植入物, 骨与关节学术探讨, 骨水泥, 胸腰椎, 骨质疏松, 骨折, 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯, 椎弓根螺钉, 神经根, 疼痛

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Bone cement injection is one of the commonly used methods for the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic fractures.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate biomechanical properties and fixed effects of bone cement injection for the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic fractures.
METHODS: The specimens of thoracolumbar osteoporotic fractures were selected, and used to measure the mechanical properties of bone mineral density, maximum pressure load, displacement and stiffness. The bone model was established, and after bone cement injection, the maximum pressure load, displacement and stiffness were measured again. The mechanical properties before and after bone cement injection were compared, and compared with those in the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic fractures with pedicle screw fixation. The patients received bone cement injection for the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic fractures were followed-up, and the treatment effect of bone cement injection was determined through evaluating the pain relief degree, thoracolumbar vertebral height restoration, amount of bone cement injection and bone cement extravasation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The biomechanical experiment determined that the maximum load was 2 285 N after thoracolumbar osteoporotic fractures treated with bone cement injection, which increased almost by 16.9% than 1 954 N before fracture; the stiffness was 427 N after thoracolumbar osteoporotic fractures treated with bone cement injection, which increased almost by 22.1% than 349 N before fracture, and showed good biological properties. The thoracolumbar osteoporotic fractures patients treated with bone cement injection and closed reduction combined with bone cement injection were followed-up, and found that both these two methods could relieve the pain of the patients. But closed reduction combined with bone cement injection for the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic fractures was better than bone cement injection in the amount of bone cement injection, local kyphosis angle and vertebral height restoration. The results indicate that closed reduction combined with bone cement injection is a safe and effective method for the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic fractures.

Key words: bone and joint implants, academic discussion of bone and joint, bone cement, thoracolumbar vertebrae, osteoporosis, fracture, poly (methyl methacrylate), pedicle screw, nerve root, pain

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