中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (2): 303-311.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1957

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

低氧运动介导miRNAs影响糖代谢:预防控制糖代谢异常的新认识

蒋  涵1,2,丁  杰2,陈  根2,解  强2,李  伟2,王志彬2,朱  磊1   

  1. 1曲阜师范大学体育科学学院,山东省曲阜市  273100;2国家体育总局运动医学研究所,北京市  100061
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-16 修回日期:2019-03-23 接受日期:2019-05-05 出版日期:2020-01-18 发布日期:2019-12-25
  • 通讯作者: 朱磊,副教授,曲阜师范大学体育科学学院,山东省曲阜市 273100
  • 作者简介:蒋涵,女,1996年生,山东省济宁市人,汉族,曲阜师范大学在读硕士,主要从事低氧运动、糖代谢、运动损伤及运动康复研究。
  • 基金资助:
    中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2017M622161);山东省研究生教育创新计划(SDYY16089)

Hypoxia-mediated miRNAs affect glucose metabolism: new recognition of preventing and controlling glucose metabolism

Jiang Han1, 2, Ding Jie2, Chen Gen2, Xie Qiang2, Li Wei2, Wang Zhibin2, Zhu Lei   

  1. 1School of Physical Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273100, Shandong Province, China; 2National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing 100061, China
  • Received:2019-03-16 Revised:2019-03-23 Accepted:2019-05-05 Online:2020-01-18 Published:2019-12-25
  • Contact: Zhu Lei, Associate professor, School of Physical Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273100, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Jiang Han, Master candidate, School of Physical Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273100, Shandong Province, China; National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing 100061, China
  • Supported by:
    the General Project of National Science Foundation for Postdoctorate of China, No. 2017M622161; the Graduate Education Innovation Program of Shandong Province, No. SDYY16089

摘要:

文题释义:

MicroRNAs(miRNAs):是在真核生物中发现的一类内源性的具有调控功能的非编码RNA,其大小长20-25个核苷酸。成熟的miRNAs是由较长的初级转录物经过一系列核酸酶的剪切加工而产生的,随后组装进RNA诱导的沉默复合体,通过碱基互补配对的方式识别靶mRNA,并根据互补程度的不同指导沉默复合体降解靶mRNA或者阻遏靶mRNA的翻译。

胰岛素抵抗是指各种原因使胰岛素促进葡萄糖摄取和利用的效率下降,机体代偿性的分泌过多胰岛素产生高胰岛素血症,以维持血糖的稳定。胰岛素抵抗易导致代谢综合征和2型糖尿病。20世纪50年代Yallow等应用放射免疫分析技术测定血浆胰岛素浓度,发现血浆胰岛素水平较低的患者胰岛素敏感性较高,而血浆胰岛素较高的人对胰岛素不敏感,由此提出了胰岛素抵抗的概念。

背景:研究结果表明,miRNAs与肥胖和糖尿病关系密切,miRNAs可能成为糖尿病诊断和预后的潜在生物标志物。

目的:通过综述miRNAs促进胰岛素的敏感性、控制胰岛素的合成以及调控胰岛素抵抗等在低氧运动方面的作用,探讨低氧运动介导miRNAs调控糖代谢的机制。

方法:检索 PubMed、CNKI 和万方数据库等数据库关于低氧运动、糖代谢及miRNAs的相关研究,检索词为“低氧运动”“糖代谢”及“miRNAs”“Low oxygen movement”“Hypoxic exercise”“hypoxia-mediated” “Sugar metabolism”“Glucose metabolism”等。检索时限为2007年至2019年,按照纳入标准和排除标准对搜索文献进行筛选。

结果与结论:研究表明,miRNAs调控靶基因的表达进而影响糖代谢的稳态,调节胰岛素信号的传导途径主要来自蛋白质级联表达的潜力。在低氧运动中miRNAs可以用作单个分子或联合治疗,整合有关miRNAs对胰岛素信号传导途径,用来开发新的miRNAs相关诊断和治疗方法,以望在不久的将来解决2型糖尿病的治疗问题。在低氧运动中miRNAs对糖代谢的影响机制不仅可以为科学降糖、控体质量提供理论依据,还可以将低氧运动作为糖代谢紊乱相关疾病的预防与控制的干预手段,从而为治疗糖代谢异常引起的疾病提供新的治疗途径。

ORCID: 0000-0001-9868-0478(蒋涵)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

关键词: miRNAs, 糖代谢, 2型糖尿病, 胰岛素, 胰岛素抵抗, 低氧运动

Abstract: BACKGROUND: miRNAs have been shown to be closely related to obesity and diabetes, which can be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the roles of miRNAs in promoting insulin sensitivity, controlling insulin synthesis and regulating insulin resistance in hypoxic exercise, and to explore the mechanism of hypoxic exercise-mediated miRNAs in regulating glucose metabolism.
METHODS: Relevant studies on hypoxic exercise glucose metabolism and miRNAs in PubMed, CNKI, WanFang databases were searched. The keywords were “miRNAs, low oxygen movement, hypoxic exercise, hypoxia-mediated, sugar metabolism, glucose metabolism” in English and Chinese, respectively. Relevant literatures published from 2007 to 2019 were searched and screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: miRNAs have the potential to regulate the expression of major protein cascades in the insulin signaling pathway by regulating the expression of target genes and thereby affecting the homeostasis of glucose metabolism. miRNAs can also be used as single molecules or in combination therapy. There is an urgent need to integrate miRNAs into insulin signaling pathways and develop new miRNAs-related diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in hopes of addressing type 2 diabetes in the future. Studying the mechanism of the effects of miRNAs on glucose metabolism in hypoxic exercise can not only provide a theoretical basis for scientific hypoglycemic and body mass control, but also can be used as an intervention for the prevention and control of diseases related to glucose metabolism disorders. Diseases caused by abnormal glucose metabolism provide new therapeutic approaches.

Key words: miRNAs, glycometabolism, type 2 diabetes, insulin, insulin resistance,  hypoxic exercise

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