中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (15): 2350-2355.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1166

• 肌肉肌腱韧带组织构建 tissue construction of the muscle, tendon and ligament • 上一篇    下一篇

坐姿振动训练改善高龄老年人下肢肌肉力量和平衡及步行的能力

谭景旺1，王继超2，吴雪萍2   

  1. (上海体育学院，1运动科学学院，2体育教育训练学院，上海市   200438)
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-28 出版日期:2019-05-28 发布日期:2019-05-28
  • 通讯作者: 吴雪萍，博士，教授，上海体育学院体育教育训练学院，上海市 200438
  • 作者简介:谭景旺，男，2017年上海体育学院毕业，硕士，主要从事运动健康促进方面研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家体育总局科教司全民健身项目(2017B068)，项目负责人：吴雪萍

Effects of vibration training in sitting posture on the lower extremity muscle strength, balance and walking abilities in older adults

Tan Jingwang1, Wang Jichao2, Wu Xueping2   

  1. (1School of Kinesiology, 2School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China)
  • Received:2018-12-28 Online:2019-05-28 Published:2019-05-28
  • Contact: Wu Xueping, PhD, Professor, School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
  • About author:Tan Jingwang, Maser, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
  • Supported by:

    the National Fitness Program of Science and Education Department of State Administration of Sport of China, No. 2017B068 (to WXP)

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摘要：

文章快速阅读：

文题释义：
坐姿振动训练：是指锻炼者采取坐姿，通过双脚接触振动平台使振动波传至下肢进而提高下肢功能的训练方法。坐姿振动训练是振动训练体系的延伸，能够帮助部分无法完成站姿动作的参与者完成振动训练。与站姿振动不同，坐姿振动训练在开展过程中需要注意屈膝角度的改变，建议采取的屈膝角度为30°-60°。
振动的作用：振动对人的影响，与振动的频率、强度、作用时间以及作用部位有关。全身振动对人体健康还有多方面的损害，例如强度很大的振动会使骨骼、肌肉、关节、韧带直接产生机械损伤，也可引起内脏损伤。振动还对循环系统、消化系统、神经系统、呼吸系统等有影响，其中有物理效应，也有生理效应。
摘要
背景：在中国，人口老龄化趋势使养老问题凸显，不同养老模式顺势而生以应对这一问题，但已有模式未对老年人身体锻炼引起足够重视，而老年人需要进行规律锻炼来延缓衰老速度，提高生活质量。振动训练是近十年逐渐流行起来的锻炼方法，其能够有效增强老年人的肌肉力量、平衡功能，但已有研究中涉及坐姿姿势的较少，探究坐姿振动训练对高龄老年人群的作用可为老年人身体干预提供选择。
目的：通过在日间照料机构实施坐姿振动训练干预，观察12周坐姿振动训练前后高龄老年人下肢肌肉力量、平衡和步行能力的改变，旨在探究坐姿振动训练对高龄老年人下肢的影响。
方法：36名平均年龄82.9岁的高龄老年人按随机数字表法分为试验组(n=20)和对照组(n=16)。试验组采用BODYGREEN全身垂直律动机进行为期12周的坐姿振动训练，振动方案为3 mm，3-13 Hz，5 min/组，间歇时间为1 min，2-4组/次，3次/周。对照组不参与坐姿振动训练，保持正常作息。仅评估者对分组情况盲。
结果与结论：与训练前相比，试验组训练后完成5次坐立的时间、强化Romberg测试结果、起立-行走计时测试结果以及10 m步行试验结果没有明显变化，但Win-Pod平衡测试中睁眼时心摆动轨迹长度、外周面积和Y轴偏移量明显减小，Win-Pod平衡测试中闭眼时重心摆动轨迹长度和Y轴偏移量明显下降(P < 0.05)。而对照组各项指标在训练前后差异无显著性意义。干预期间，高龄老年人对坐姿振动训练适应性较好，无头晕等不良反应出现。提示12周坐姿振动训练能够帮助高龄老年人提高克服重心偏移的能力，在下肢肌肉力量和步行能力上效果不明显。坐姿振动训练能够被高龄老年人所接受，其或许可作为高龄老年人日常锻炼手段之一。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程
ORCID:0000-0001-6789-6591(谭景旺)

关键词: 坐姿振动训练, 振动训练, 全身振动, 高龄老年人, 肌肉力量, 平衡能力, 步行能力, 下肢

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: In China, population aging makes pension become prominent, so different pension patterns haven been developed. However, the existing patterns pay bare attention to the physical exercise of the elderly, and the elderly need regular exercise to delay the aging and improve the quality of life. Vibration training is an exercise method that popularized in the past decade. It can effectively enhance the muscle strength and balance function of the elderly. Little is reported on sitting posture, and exploring the effect of vibration training in sitting position on the elderly provides reference for physical intervention of the elderly.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of 12-week vibration training in sitting posture on muscle strength of lower extremity, balance and walking ability of the elderly living in the day-care center.
METHODS: Thirty-six elderly with an average age of 82.9 years were randomized into trial (n=20) and control (n=16) groups. The trial group underwent 12-week vibration training in sitting posture (amplitude: 3 mm; frequency: 3-13 Hz; 5 min/set, 1 minute in between; 2-4 sets/session; 3 times/week) by using vibration platform BODYGREEN. The control group received no vibration training in sitting posture with normal rest. Only investigators were blind to grouping.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the baseline, the five times sit to stand test, intensive Romberg test results, time up and go test results and 10-m walking test results showed no significant changes in the trial group. The deviation length, deviation area and Y-axis deviation of eyes open, and the deviation length and Y-axis deviation of eyes closed in Win-Pod balance test were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The indexes showed no significant changes in the control group before and after training. The elderly had good adaptability to vibration training in sitting posture, with no dizziness or other adverse reactions. These results imply that 12-week vibration training in sitting posture is beneficial to overcome the deviation of the center of gravity in older adults. Nevertheless, the effect of improving muscle strength of lower extremity and walking ability is not obvious. Vibration training in sitting posture can be accepted by the elderly, which may be regarded as a way of daily exercising for older adults.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程

Key words: Vibration, Exercise Movement Techniques, Tissue Engineering

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