中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (12): 1829-1833.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1112

• 脊柱植入物 spinal implant • 上一篇    下一篇

根据腰椎神经根解剖结构确定重建人工椎体椎弓根螺钉的置钉位置

顾剑华,石志才   

  1. 海军军医大学附属长海医院脊柱外科,上海市 200433
  • 出版日期:2019-04-28 发布日期:2019-04-28
  • 通讯作者: 石志才,主任医师,教授,博士生导师,海军军医大学附属长海医院脊柱外科,上海市 200433
  • 作者简介:顾剑华,男,1979年生,上海市人,汉族,海军军医大学在读博士,主治医师,主要从事脊柱外科方面的研究。

Placement position of artificial vertebral pedicle screws based on the anatomical structure of lumbar nerve roots   

Gu Jianhua, Shi Zhicai   

  1. Department of Spinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
  • Online:2019-04-28 Published:2019-04-28
  • Contact: Shi Zhicai, Chief physician, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Spinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
  • About author:Gu Jianhua, Doctoral candidate, Attending physician, Department of Spinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China

摘要:

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文题释义:
人工椎体:目前广泛应用于脊柱肿瘤、结核,以及严重爆裂性的椎体骨折。人工椎体根据其结构差异分为支撑固定型、可调固定型及自固定型3种。
人工椎体椎弓根钉的放置:人工椎体上椎弓根螺钉的设计需避免对腰椎神经根的牵拉、刺激和磨损。由于椎体全部切除后,神经根的走向已完全没有骨性的解剖标志。人工椎体椎弓根钉的放置不但不能卡压神经根,也尽量不要牵拉神经根。人工椎体的椎弓根螺钉与后方钉棒结构连成一体,因此探讨上下椎弓根连线上的神经根位置,在原椎弓根处重建椎弓根螺钉可以确定人工椎体椎弓根螺钉的安全位置。
 
摘要
背景:对于全后路椎体切除术后重建脊柱结构的完整性,人工椎体无疑是最好的选择。但目前椎体与椎弓根之间没有连接结构,常常发生椎体的移位,带来严重的并发症。
目的:探索腰椎神经根解剖位置对人工椎体椎弓根螺钉放置的影响。
方法:选取10具新鲜冷冻的尸体,排除重大的腰椎疾病及手术史。切除椎板、部分椎弓根和黄韧带,标记并测量解剖位置,探索椎弓根钉的最佳位置。
结果与结论:①所测量椎体之间的高度各不同,各椎体之间差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);②但在椎弓根连线上,神经根中点与上位椎体下终板及下位椎体上终板之间的比率恒定,男女之间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),L1-5节段之间差异也无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③腰椎椎体完全切除后,腰椎人工椎体椎弓根螺钉的最佳置钉位置在神经根中点与上位椎体下的中心,即人工椎体高度的中上1/3左右。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0002-6007-0436(顾剑华)

关键词: 腰椎, 解剖, 骨钉, 假体植入, 组织工程

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Artificial vertebra is the best choice for the reconstruction of the spinal structure after posterior total laminectomy. However, there is no connection between the vertebral body and the vertebral pedicle, and vertebral body displacement often occurs, resulting in serious complications.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of anatomical position of lumbar nerve root on the pedicle screw placement of the artificial vertebral body.
METHODS: Ten fresh frozen cadavers were selected, excluding major lumbar diseases and operation history. After the laminectomy and removal of partial pedicle and ligamentum flavum, we marked and measured the anatomical position. The best position of pedicle screw was explored.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The height of the vertebral body measured was significantly different (P < 0.05). (2) However, on the pedicle line, the ratio of the distance between the midpoint of the nerve root to the lower endplate of the upper vertebral body and the upper endplate of the lower vertebra was constant. There was no significant difference between males and females (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference among L1-5 segments (P > 0.05). (3) After complete laminectomy, the best position of the lumbar pedicle screw is at the center of the middle of the nerve root and the lower endplate of the upper vertebral body, that is, the middle and upper 1/3 of the height of the artificial vertebral body.

Key words: Lumbar Vertebrae, Dissection, Bone Nails, Prosthesis Implantation, Tissue Engineering

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