中国组织工程研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (8): 1300-1305.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0152

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

运动性跟腱断裂:原因、治疗与如何评价跟腱的力学特性及愈合程度

王  玮   

  1. 安阳师范学院,河南省安阳市  455000
  • 收稿日期:2017-10-28 出版日期:2018-03-18 发布日期:2018-03-18
  • 作者简介:王玮,男,1976年生,河南省淅川县人,2007年北京体育大学毕业,硕士,讲师,主要从事运动人体科学的研究。

Exercise-induced Achilles tendon rupture: etiology, treatment, and evaluation of its mechanical properties and healing degree

Wang Wei   

  1. Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2017-10-28 Online:2018-03-18 Published:2018-03-18
  • About author:Wang Wei, Master, Lecturer, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, Henan Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

文题释义:
跟腱:是人体最粗大最强壮的肌腱。跟腱长约15 cm,由小腿三头肌(比目鱼肌、腓肠肌内、外头)的肌腱融合形成。在此过程中,跟腱的腱纤维有90°的扭转。跟腱的主要功能是屈小腿和跖屈踝关节,是小腿肌肉力量传导至足部的最主要的解剖结构。人能够直立、站稳,能跑、能跳,靠的都是它。如果单侧跟腱断裂,就会出现跛行,如果双侧跟腱均断裂,则不能行走。
跟腱断裂:是跟腱组织的断裂。临床上常见的跟腱自发性断裂一般发生在单侧肢体。这种断裂可以在跟腱-跟骨连接部,也可以在跟腱-肌腹连接处或是跟腱组织本身。70%以上的自发性断裂在运动时发生,由于伤后的肿胀掩盖了跟腱断裂导致的凹陷,跖肌腱和足母长屈肌腱的存在使踝关节跖屈肌力部分得以代偿从而还可以行走,X射线片检查也没有骨折。据统计,有高达25%的跟腱断裂可以在初次就诊时被漏诊。
摘要
背景
:关于运动性跟腱断裂的确切原因和最佳治疗方法目前仍存在争议。
目的:系统回顾当前运动性跟腱断裂原因和治疗的相关文献,明确运动性跟腱断裂的原因,比较不同治疗方法的优劣。
方法:检索PubMed数据库,英文检索词为:“Achilles Tendon”,“Ruptured Achilles Tendon”,“Ruptured Achilles Tendon Repair”;并在中国知网数据库、万方数据库进行检索,中文检索词为:“跟腱”、“跟腱断裂”、“跟腱修复”。时间跨度为1980年1月至2016年4月。根据检索词进行初检后获得文献392篇,根据纳入、排除标准进一步筛选后获得符合标准文献46篇。
结果与结论:①年龄老化、跟腱劳损是导致跟腱退化的主要因素,退化的跟腱在需要频繁突然性用力起跳的运动中容易发生断裂;②运动性跟腱断裂的治疗分为保守治疗和手术治疗;③保守治疗患者承受痛苦较小,但跟腱二次断裂率较高,适用于康复后对跟腱承受强度要求不高的患者;④手术治疗分为开放手术和经皮手术,开放手术中的断端直接缝合法能保证较低的二次断裂率,但引起术后并发症概率较高;经皮手术能最大程度避免术后并发症,但其缝合效果存在争议;⑤无论采用何种修复方式,都需要在早期配合康复训练,但如何评估体内跟腱的力学特性和愈合程度需要深入研究。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0003-0418-4495(王玮)

关键词: 跟腱断裂, 开放手术, 经皮手术, 治疗, 康复, 组织构建

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Exact etiology and the optimal treatment of exercise-induced Achilles tendon rupture still remain controversial.
OBJECTIVE: To review the literature concerning the etiology and treatments of exercise-induced Achilles tendon rupture, to determine the etiolgy and to compare the differences among treatment methods.
METHODS: PubMed, CNKI, WanFang databases (from January 1980 to April 2016) were retrieved with the keywords of “Achilles tendon, ruptured Achilles tendon, ruptured Achilles tendon repair” in English and Chinese, respectively. Totally 392 articles were included initially, and 46 eligible articles were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Aging and strain are the main causes of the degeneration of Achilles tendon. For degenerated Achilles tendon, the rupture usually occurs during frequent, unexpected, and intense jumping. (2) Conservative therapy and surgery are two primary methods for exercise-induced Achilles tendon rupture. (2) There is less pain for patients undergoing conservative therapy, but with a higher risk of second rupture. Thus, conservative therapy is more applicable for the patients who have no demand of doing intense sports. (4) The surgeries for exercise-induced Achilles tendon rupture include open repair and percutaneous repair, the direct suturing of the broken ends in the former reduces the incidence of secondary rupture, but may cause complications; and the latter obtains few postoperative complications, but its suturing efficacy is under discussion. (5) It is essential to conduct early rehabilitation training after surgery. Further investigation on the biomechanical properties and healing of Achilles tendon is needed.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

Key words: Achilles Tendon, Tendon Injuries, Biomechanics, Tissue Engineering

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