中国组织工程研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (7): 1009-1003.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0110

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

轻比重腰麻与神经阻滞麻醉在老年髋关节手术中的应用

郝春香,韩春姬,陈国庆,刘舒云,张昌盛   

  1. 解放军总医院麻醉手术中心,北京市 100853
  • 出版日期:2018-03-08 发布日期:2018-03-08
  • 通讯作者: 张昌盛,博士,主治医师,解放军总医院麻醉手术中心,北京市 100853
  • 作者简介:郝春香,女,1970年生,汉族,山西省太原市人,山西省职工医学院毕业,主治医师,主要研究方向为组织工程再生、干细胞、动物麻醉及其管理、复杂外科疾病和高年患者手术的全身麻醉和神经阻滞麻醉。
  • 基金资助:

    863计划生物和医药技术领域组织工程关键技术与系列产品研发主题项目(2012AA020502),课题名称:肢体重要组织损伤组织工程修复重建技术研发

Application of hypobaric ropivacaine spinal anesthesia and nerve block anesthesia in hip surgery of elderly patients

Hao Chun-xiang, Han Chun-ji, Chen Guo-qing, Liu Shu-yun, Zhang Chang-sheng   

  1. Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
  • Online:2018-03-08 Published:2018-03-08
  • Contact: Zhang Chang-sheng, M.D., Attending physician, Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
  • About author:Hao Chun-xiang, Attending physician, Anesthesia and Operation Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
  • Supported by:

    the Key Project of Tissue Engineering and R&D Theme Project for Biological Products and Pharmaceutical Technology (863 Program), No. 2012AA020502

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 
 

 

文题释义:
腰麻:即蛛网膜下腔麻醉,是将局麻药经腰间隙注入蛛网膜下腔阻断部分脊神经的传导功能引起相应支配区域的麻醉作用。文章对老年人的麻醉选择低位腰麻(L3-4间隙穿刺),药物选用1%的盐酸罗派卡因1.5 mL加灭菌注射用水1.5 mL总量为3 mL,10 s内注入蛛网膜下腔2.5 mL产生麻醉作用。因选择的是低位腰麻加小剂量罗派卡因,交感神经抑制较轻微,术中生命体征平稳,麻醉平面可达到手术要求。
神经阻滞:包括腰丛神经阻滞加坐骨神经阻滞。腰丛位于腰大肌间隙内,L1-L4神经根自相应的椎间孔穿出后立即合并构成腰丛。发出的神经包括股神经、股外侧皮神经、闭孔神经、生殖股神经、髂腹下神经和髂腹股沟神经。坐骨神经起自L4-L5、S1-S3脊神经腹侧支,经梨状肌下孔出盆腔位于臀大肌深部。腰丛加坐骨神经阻滞可用于下肢手术的麻醉。采用0.4%罗派卡因30 mL用于腰丛阻滞,20 mL用于坐骨神经神经阻滞可满足手术要求。
 
摘要
背景:合理选择老年患者髋部手术的麻醉方法不仅保障了手术的顺利进行,而且可以明显降低术后并发症的发生率。
目的:比较腰丛神经阻滞+坐骨神经阻滞和轻比重罗哌卡因腰麻在老年患者髋关节手术中的麻醉效果。
方法:纳入40例拟行髋关节手术的老年患者,年龄65-99岁,美国麻醉医师协会分级Ⅱ-Ⅲ级,随机分为神经阻滞组和轻比重腰麻组,每组各20例。神经阻滞组采用超声引导+神经刺激仪刺激下的腰丛神经阻滞+坐骨神经阻滞;轻比重腰麻组于L3-4间隙穿刺,给予轻比重罗哌卡因单次腰麻。观察两组患者麻醉前后血流动力学变化、麻醉效果以及围术期不良反应的发生情况。
结果与结论:①麻醉前后相比较,神经阻滞组与轻比重腰麻组患者在麻醉后各时点的心率、平均动脉压差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②轻比重腰麻组的麻醉起效时间更快(P < 0.01),术中镇痛效果更加完善,无需静脉药物辅助;神经阻滞组运动与感觉阻滞时长较轻比重腰麻组长(P < 0.01),但有5例患者需要在静脉麻醉药物的辅助下完成手术;③两组患者均无不良反应发生;④提示相比神经阻滞麻醉,轻比重腰麻应用于老年髋关节手术患者可获得更为完善的镇痛效果以及稳定的血液循环,且不增加并发症的发生率,有较好的临床应用价值。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0003-0134-1440(郝春香)

关键词: 轻比重腰麻, 神经阻滞, 老年髋关节手术

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The rational choice of anesthesia for the elderly patients with hip surgery not only ensures the smooth operation, but also significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative complications.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical anesthetic effects between combined lumbar plexus-sciatic nerve block and hypobaric ropivacaine spinal anesthesia in hip joint surgery of elderly patients.
METHODS: Forty patients who were scheduled for hip joint surgery, at the age of 65-99 years old, American Society of Anesthesiologists grades II-III, were enrolled and randomly allocated to two groups: nerve block (n=20) and spinal anesthesia (n=20). In nerve block group, combined lumber plexus-sciatic nerve block was performed directed by a nerve stimulator under the guidance of ultrasound. In spinal anesthesia group, patients received single-dose hypobaric ropivacaine spinal anesthesia at L3-4 interspace. Hemodynamic changes, anesthetic effects and perioperative adverse effects were recorded in both groups before and after anesthesia.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The patients’ heart rate and mean artery pressure in each group did not change significantly before and after anesthesia in the nerve block and spinal anesthesia groups (P > 0.05). (2) The onset time of anesthesia in spinal anesthesia group was significantly faster than that in nerve block group (P < 0.01). Hypobaric ropivacaine spinal anesthesia had a better analgesic effect during the surgery, which did not need extra intravenous anesthetics. The duration of motor and sense block was significantly longer in nerve block group than in spinal anesthesia group (P < 0.01). However, five patients in spinal anesthesia group needed extra intravenous anesthetics to finish the surgery. (3) No side effects were found in both nerve block and spinal anesthesia groups. (4) These indicated that compared to combined lumbar plexus-sciatic nerve block, hypobaric ropivacaine spinal anesthesia can provide a better analgesic effect during the hip joint surgery with stable hemodynamics. Moreover, hypobaric ropivacaine spinal anesthesia dose not increase the incidence of complications and has very good clinical application prospects.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Anesthesia, Hip Joint, Tissue Engineering

中图分类号: