中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 2846-2857.doi: 10.12307/2026.109

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

糖尿病牙周炎发病机制及局部给药治疗策略

杨曦瑞,何金凤   

  1. 暨南大学口腔医学院,广东省广州市   510632
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-20 接受日期:2025-06-07 出版日期:2026-04-18 发布日期:2025-09-06
  • 通讯作者: 何金凤,博士,讲师,暨南大学口腔医学院,广东省广州市 510632
  • 作者简介:杨曦瑞,女,2003年生,云南省普洱市人,哈尼族人,主要从事口腔生物材料学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    人工器官及材料教育部工程研究中心开放课题(ERCAOM202402),项目负责人:何金凤

Pathogenesis of diabetic periodontitis and its local drug delivery treatment strategies

Yang Xirui, He Jinfeng   

  1. School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2025-05-20 Accepted:2025-06-07 Online:2026-04-18 Published:2025-09-06
  • Contact: He Jinfeng, PhD, Lecturer, School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Yang Xirui, School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    The Open Project of Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, No. ERCAOM202402 (to HJF)

摘要:


文题释义:
糖尿病牙周炎:糖尿病患者常并发牙周炎,并且牙周炎也会对糖尿病及其并发症控制产生负面影响,二者相互影响,形成特殊的局部病理微环境并对治疗提出了挑战,故将此种复杂的双向关系和病理微环境称为糖尿病牙周炎。
局部给药:将药物不经全身血液循环直接施用或用不同载体递送于特定区域,使药物在局部发挥治疗作用的给药方式。局部给药可避免首过消除、减少药物不良反应的发生、提高局部药物浓度,还可通过调控药物载体实现药物控释来确保疗效。

背景:牙周炎是糖尿病的第六大并发症,糖尿病与牙周炎复杂的双向关系对糖尿病牙周炎治疗提出了挑战。
目的:从糖尿病牙周炎发病机制和特殊病理微环境出发,系统性总结可用于糖尿病牙周炎局部治疗的药物类型和载体。
方法:以“periodontitis,diabetes,hydrogel,fiber,film,microparticle, nanoparticle,microneedle”为英文检索词,“牙周炎,糖尿病,水凝胶,纤维,薄膜,微粒,纳米颗粒,微针”为中文检索词,分别在PubMed、Web of Science数据库及中国知网中检索各数据库建库至2025年2月的文献,最终纳入119篇文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:糖尿病牙周炎涉及复杂的高血糖、细菌感染、炎症微环境、氧化应激、免疫失调、骨质流失等病理微环境,针对糖尿病牙周炎独特的病理微环境,可采用控血糖药物、抗菌抗感染药物、抗炎和免疫调节药物、抗氧化应激药物、促牙周组织再生药物等多种药物,从多角度治疗糖尿病牙周炎。多种局部给药系统可用于糖尿病牙周炎的局部治疗,其中,水凝胶以良好的生物相容性、高度可调节性、功能多样性等优点,在糖尿病牙周炎的治疗中发挥重要作用。更安全、更智能、更可控的适应糖尿病牙周炎病理微环境局部给药系统,有望在未来糖尿病牙周炎治疗中发挥重要作用。
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3164-145X(杨曦瑞) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 糖尿病, 牙周炎, 发病机制, 药物治疗, 局部给药, 水凝胶, 智能响应, 微环境

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is the sixth most common complication of diabetes. The complex two-way relationship between diabetes and periodontitis poses a challenge to the treatment of diabetic periodontitis.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically summarize the types of drugs and carriers that can be used for the topical treatment of diabetic periodontitis from the perspective of the pathogenesis of diabetic periodontitis and the special pathological microenvironment.
METHODS: We searched the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI from database inception to February 2025 with the search terms of “periodontitis, diabetes, hydrogel, fiber, film, microparticle, nanoparticle, microneedle” in both Chinese and English, and 119 articles were finally included for review and analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Diabetic periodontitis involves a complex pathological microenvironment of hyperglycemia, bacterial infection, inflammatory microenvironment, oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, and bone loss. For the unique pathological microenvironment of diabetic periodontitis, a variety of drugs such as blood glucose control drugs, antibacterial and anti-infection drugs, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs, anti-oxidative stress drugs, and periodontal tissue regeneration drugs are available for the local treatment of diabetic periodontitis from multiple perspectives. Among them, hydrogel plays an important role in the treatment of diabetic periodontitis with its advantages of good biocompatibility, highly adjustability, and diversity of functions. Safer, smarter, and more controllable local drug delivery systems adapted to the pathological microenvironment of diabetic periodontitis are expected to play a significant role in the future treatment of diabetic periodontitis.

Key words: diabetes, periodontitis, pathogenesis, drug therapy, local administration, hydrogel, intelligent response, microenvironment

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