中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 2834-2845.doi: 10.12307/2026.083

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

轴突导向因子在α-突触核蛋白相关神经退行性疾病中的作用及机制

张瑛碧1,2,李明徽1,2,张晓瑞1,殷继红1,3,王  鹏1   

  1. 1北华大学基础医学院人体解剖学教研室,吉林省吉林市  132013;2北华大学附属医院康复医学科,吉林省吉林市   132013;3 吉林市中心医院重症二科,吉林省吉林市   132013
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-06 接受日期:2025-05-17 出版日期:2026-04-18 发布日期:2025-09-06
  • 通讯作者: 王鹏,博士,教授,硕士生导师,北华大学基础医学院人体解剖学教研室,吉林省吉林市 132013
  • 作者简介:张瑛碧,女,1992年生,汉族,吉林省吉林市人,北华大学硕士,主要从事人体解剖与组织胚胎学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省科技厅科技发展计划项目(20240402007GH),项目负责人:王鹏;北华大学研究生创新重点项目(2022017),项目负责人:李明徽

The roles and mechanisms of axon guidance molecules in alpha-synuclein-related neurodegenerative diseases

Zhang Yingbi1, 2, Li Minghui1, 2, Zhang Xiaorui1, Yin Jihong1, 3, Wang Peng1   

  1. 1Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China; 2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beihua University Affiliated Hospital, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China; 3Department of Critical Care II, Jilin Central General Hospital, Jilin 132013, China
  • Received:2025-05-06 Accepted:2025-05-17 Online:2026-04-18 Published:2025-09-06
  • Contact: Wang Peng, PhD, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Yingbi, MS, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beihua University Affiliated Hospital, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department, No. 20240402007GH (to WP); Beihua University Graduate Student Innovation Key Project, No. 2022017 (to LMH) 

摘要:


文题释义:
轴突导向因子:是神经系统发育过程中的一类关键因子,对神经元轴突的生长延展起主要引导作用,也决定了神经元轴突生长取向。轴突导向因子驱动轴突锚定特定的靶细胞,从而构建精准有序的神经连接,在神经元迁移中发挥重要作用。
α-突触核蛋白相关神经退行性疾病:α-突触核蛋白是一种主要定位于神经元核膜和突触前末梢的蛋白质。在病理状态下α-突触核蛋白会发生异常聚集,这一现象与多种神经退行性疾病密切相关,因此临床上又将这类疾病统称为“突触核蛋白病”。

背景:轴突导向因子可能在α-突触核蛋白相关神经退行性疾病中发挥重要作用。
目的:探讨轴突导向因子在α-突触核蛋白相关神经退行性疾病中的作用及机制。
方法:由第一作者系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、PubMed、Nature、Embase、Web of Sciense、JAMA、BMJ等数据库,中文检索词为“帕金森病,轴突导向因子,路易体痴呆,多系统衰竭,单纯性自主神经功能衰竭”,英文检索词为“Parkinson’s disease,axon guidance molecules,Netrin,Ephrin,Semaphorin, Slit,Dementia with Lewy Bodies,Multiple System Atrophy,Pure Autonomic Failure”,全面收集并整理近年来有关轴突导向因子与α-突触核蛋白相关神经退行性疾病的文献,最终纳入89篇文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:轴突导向因子蛋白家族包括Netrins、Ephrins、Semaphorins和Slits。Netrins通过影响肠道因子、依赖DCC受体调节多巴胺能神经元活力,进而影响神经退行性疾病进程。在Ephrins家族中,EphrinA/EphA参与介导神经元再生信号,EphA1借CXC趋化因子配体12/CXC趋化因子受体4通路调节炎症与神经病理,影响疾病发展。Semaphorins家族中的Semaphorins-3通过引导多巴胺能神经元轴突从黑质向纹状体生长,进而改善神经退行性疾病的行为学症状。在多巴胺能神经元轴突传导通路上,Slits经Slit/Robo等信号协作调控轴突定位与寻路过程,确保神经元信号传导路径的准确性,对神经元连接的维持与修复具有重要意义。

关键词: α-突触核蛋白, 轴突导向因子, 帕金森病, 多巴胺能神经元, Netrins, Ephrins, Semaphorins, Slits

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Axon guidance molecules may play a critical role in alpha-synuclein-related neurodegenerative diseases.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the roles and mechanisms of axon guidance molecules in alpha-synuclein-related neurodegenerative diseases.
METHODS: The first author conducted a comprehensive search of databases including CNKI, WanFang Data, PubMed, Nature, Embase, Web of Science, JAMA, and BMJ. We systematically collected and organized literature on axon guidance factors and α-synuclein-related neurodegenerative diseases in recent years. The search terms were “Parkinson’s disease, axon guidance molecules, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, pure autonomic failure” in Chinese and “Parkinson’s disease, axon guidance molecules,  Netrin, Ephrin, Semaphorin, Slit, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, pure autonomic failure” in English. After screening, 89 articles were ultimately included for review and analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The axon guidance factor protein family includes Netrins, Ephrins, Semaphorins, and Slits. Netrins modulate the activity of dopaminergic neurons by influencing intestinal factors and through DCC receptors, thereby impacting the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Within the Ephrins family, EphrinA/EphA is involved in mediating neuronal regeneration signals. EphA1 regulates inflammation and neuropathology via the CXC chemokine ligand 12/CXC chemokine receptor 4 pathway, affecting disease development. Semaphorins-3 within the Semaphorins family can improve behavioral symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases by guiding the growth of axons from the substantia nigra to the striatum in dopaminergic neurons. On the axonal conduction pathway of dopaminergic neurons, Slits regulate the localization and pathfinding process through the Slit-Robo signaling, ensuring the accuracy of neuronal signal transmission pathways, which is crucial for maintaining and repairing neuronal connections.

Key words: α-synuclein, axon guidance molecules, Parkinson’s disease, dopamine neuron, Netrins, Ephrins, Semaphorins, Slits

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