中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 489-498.doi: 10.12307/2025.892

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

活性微生态水凝胶促进皮肤创面的愈合

黄新旭,张  鑫,王  剑   

  1. 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,四川大学华西口腔医院修复科,四川省成都市   610041
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-28 接受日期:2024-10-26 出版日期:2026-01-18 发布日期:2025-07-02
  • 通讯作者: 王剑,博士,教授,口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,四川大学华西口腔医院修复科,四川省成都市 610041
  • 作者简介:黄新旭,女,2001年生,四川省泸州市人,汉族,四川大学华西口腔医学院在读八年制博士,主要从事生物材料基础科学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技计划项目(2023NSFSC2000),项目名称:基于贻贝仿生双层GTR膜的制备及其促进软硬组织再生的应用和基础研究,项目负责人:王剑;国家自然科学基金项目(82271034),项目名称:兼具优良空间维持力和湿粘接性的仿生双层GTR膜的构建及其促进软硬组织再生的机制研究,项目负责人:王剑

Living microecological hydrogels promote skin wound healing

Huang Xinxu, Zhang Xin, Wang Jian   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2024-08-28 Accepted:2024-10-26 Online:2026-01-18 Published:2025-07-02
  • Contact: Huang Xinxu, Doctoral candidate, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Wang Jian, MD, Professor, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project, No. 2023NSFSC2000 (to WJ); National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82271034 (to WJ)

摘要:

文题释义:
活性微生态水凝胶:是指负载了活性生物的水凝胶,活性生物在水凝胶中形成微生态,进行迁移、增殖、分泌、释放等生物行为。水凝胶为活性生物提供良好的生存环境,保证生物在复杂环境下的生理活性。活性生物通过各种生物行为赋予水凝胶生物特性,使其能够响应复杂的外界环境及环境变化,扩大了水凝胶的应用场景。
细胞外基质:是由细胞分泌并释放的生物大分子物质组成的纤维状物质,构成细胞外环境的特殊结构,是细胞增殖、迁移、代谢、功能和分化的基础。细胞外基质既可以作为一种独立的结构为细胞生存活动提供适宜的场所,也可以作为细胞外活动的调节器,参与细胞外信号传导和活性物质的调节转运等。

背景:活性微生态水凝胶是创面敷料研究领域的一大热点,受到广泛关注。
目的:概述活性微生态水凝胶的基本特点与优势,综述近年来各种活性微生态水凝胶在皮肤创面修复中的应用进展。
方法:以“cell,probiotics,phage,chlorella,algae,living microecological,hydrogel,skin,wound healing,wound repair”为英文检索词,以“细胞,益生菌,噬菌体,小球藻,微藻,活性微生态,水凝胶,皮肤,伤口愈合,伤口修复”为中文检索词,在Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网及万方数据库进行文献检索,文献检索时限为各数据库建库至2024年。按照排除和纳入标准筛选纳入文献,最终纳入108篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:活性微生态水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性,能为负载的生物提供适宜的生存环境,并在活性生物与皮肤创面之间发挥屏障作用,避免潜在威胁。相较于传统伤口敷料,活性微生态水凝胶的作用是可持续可更新的,生物调节能使创面处微环境保持相对稳定的状态,可以长时间为创面愈合提供适宜条件,减少频繁更换敷料给皮肤创面造成的额外创伤。相较于直接使用活性生物促进皮肤创面愈合,活性微生态水凝胶能提高生物的存活率,保障其发挥生物调节作用。活性微生态水凝胶主要是通过调控创面愈合进程中“炎症”和“增殖”这两阶段来促进皮肤创面愈合。现有的活性微生态水凝胶主要负载细胞、益生菌、微藻、噬菌体这几类生物,赋予了水凝胶不同的生物特性,使其通过释放创面愈合所需物质或者改善创面环境等促进皮肤创面愈合,具有较大的应用潜力。为进一步扩大活性微生态水凝胶的实际临床运用,未来还需要进一步深入把控水凝胶中活性生物的生物安全风险,避免潜在的生物威胁,并需要研究更能适应人体皮肤创面复杂变化且能负载活性生物的水凝胶基质。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7368-5694(黄新旭);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5137-0330(王剑)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 水凝胶, 创面愈合, 生物活性材料, 微生态, 细胞, 益生菌, 微藻, 噬菌体, 工程化皮肤材料

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Living microecological hydrogels are a hot topic in the field of wound dressing and have received widespread attention. 
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the basic features and advantages of living microecological hydrogels, review the progress in the application of hydrogels loaded with different living organisms in skin wound repair in recent years.
METHODS: The articles published from database inception to 2024 were retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, and WanFang databases with “cell, probiotics, phage, chlorella, algae, living microecological, hydrogel, skin, wound healing, wound repair” as search terms in English and Chinese. The articles for inclusion were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 108 articles were included for review. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The living microecological hydrogels have good biocompatibility, and the hydrogel can provide a suitable living environment for the loaded organisms, and play a barrier role between the living organisms and the wound to avoid potential threats. Compared with traditional wound dressings, the effect of living microecological hydrogels is sustainable and renewable. Biological regulation can keep the microenvironment at the wound site relatively stable, which can provide suitable conditions for wound healing for a long time and reduce the additional trauma caused by frequent dressing changes. Compared with the direct use of living organisms to promote wound healing, living microecological hydrogels can improve the survival rate of organisms and ensure their biological regulation. Living microecological hydrogels promote wound healing mainly by regulating the “inflammation” and “proliferation” stages in the wound healing process. The existing living microecological hydrogels mainly load organisms such as cells, probiotics, algae, and phages, which give hydrogels with different biological properties, so that they can promote wound healing by releasing substances required for wound healing or improving the wound environment, and have great application potential. To further expand the actual clinical application of living microecological hydrogels, it is necessary to further control the biosafety risks of active organisms in hydrogels in the future, avoid potential biological threats, and research the hydrogel matrix that can better adapt to the complex changes of human skin wounds and can support living organisms.


Key words: hydrogel, wound healing, bioactive material, microecological, cell, probiotic, microalgae, phage, engineered skin material

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