中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 1247-1259.doi: 10.12307/2026.011

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

口腔牙槽骨缺损的再生修复

刘新月,李春年,李一卓,徐世芳   

  1. 河北医科大学口腔医学院•口腔医院(河北省口腔医学重点实验室),河北省石家庄市   050017


  • 收稿日期:2024-12-03 接受日期:2025-01-24 出版日期:2026-02-18 发布日期:2025-06-26
  • 通讯作者: 李春年,硕士,主任医师,河北医科大学口腔医学院•口腔医院(河北省口腔医学重点实验室),河北省石家庄市 050017
  • 作者简介:刘新月,女,1998年生,河北省张家口市人,汉族,硕士,医师,主要从事口腔内科牙体牙髓学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省医学科学课题重点研究计划项目(20241080),项目负责人:李春年

Regeneration and repair of oral alveolar bone defects

Liu Xinyue, Li Chunnian, Li Yizhuo, Xu Shifang   

  1. School of Stomatology and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University (Key Laboratory of Stomatology of Hebei Province), Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2024-12-03 Accepted:2025-01-24 Online:2026-02-18 Published:2025-06-26
  • Contact: Li Chunnian, Master, Chief physician, School of Stomatology and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University (Key Laboratory of Stomatology of Hebei Province), Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Liu Xinyue, Master, Physician, School of Stomatology and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University (Key Laboratory of Stomatology of Hebei Province), Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Key Research Program Project of Medical Science Subjects in Hebei Province, No. 20241080 (to LCN)

摘要:


文题释义:
牙槽骨缺损:牙槽骨指上颌骨下缘、下颌骨上缘镶嵌牙根的部位,牙槽骨缺损指该部位出现了组织缺失,一般由于牙周病、根尖周病、口腔颌面创伤、肿瘤等造成,会导致畸形、口腔功能障碍,严重影响患者的生活质量。
再生修复:是指骨组织在受到损伤后,通过一系列生物学过程实现自我修复和再生的能力‌。通常情况下,可以通过骨移植、引导性骨组织再生术、生长因子治疗、药物治疗、物理治疗、干细胞疗法等方式使牙槽骨再生。

背景:对于牙槽骨缺损的再生修复,研究一种促进牙槽骨再生且具有良好性能的材料,对于治疗牙槽骨缺损有着重要意义。
目的:汇总近5年有关牙槽骨缺损再生修复的研究,对新材料和新药物进行分类介绍,从而掌握相关领域的最新进展。
方法:以“Alveolar bone,alveolar bone defect,alveolar bone regeneration, mechanism,biomaterials,nanoscaffolds,hydrogels,medications,anti-inflammatory drugs, simvastatin,metformin,traditional Chinese medicine,growth factor,stem cell”为英文关键词在PubMed数据库检索,以“牙槽骨,牙槽骨缺损,牙槽骨再生,机制,生物材料,纳米支架,水凝胶,药物治疗,抗炎药物,辛伐他汀,二甲双胍,中药,生长因子,干细胞”为中文关键词在中国知网进行检索,通过筛选最终共得到117篇文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:生物材料的应用既为牙槽骨再生提供支架结构,也可以作为骨替代物修复骨缺损;西药和中药的局部与全身应用可以控制炎症,促进骨再生;负载有各种生长因子的材料具有成骨作用,可以促进牙槽骨缺损的修复;干细胞组织工程的种子细胞具有成骨、成纤维的作用,可以分化为成骨细胞,生成新生骨质。近几年的研究热衷于对以上几种方法的结合使用,研发出新的具有良好生物相容性、可缓慢释放功能药物或材料,来促进牙槽骨缺损的再生修复。
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8501-5120 (刘新月) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 牙槽骨缺损, 骨再生修复, 纳米支架材料, 水凝胶, 西药, 中药, 生长因子, 干细胞, 工程化组织构建

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Developing a material that promotes alveolar bone regeneration and has good properties is of great significance for the treatment of alveolar bone defects.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research on alveolar bone defect regeneration and repair in the past 5 years, classify and introduce new materials and drugs, so as to grasp the latest progress in related fields.
METHODS: “Alveolar bone, alveolar bone defect, alveolar bone regeneration, mechanism, biomaterials, nanoscaffolds, hydrogels, medications, anti-inflammatory drugs, simvastatin, metformin, traditional Chinese medicine, growth factor, stem cell” were used as search terms in Chinese and English for literature retrieval in CNKI and PubMed, respectively. A total of 117 articles were finally obtained for review and analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The application of biomaterials provides a scaffold structure for alveolar bone regeneration and can also be used as a bone substitute to repair bone defects. Topical and systemic applications of Western and Chinese medicines can control inflammation and promote bone regeneration. Materials loaded with various growth factors have the effect of osteogenesis and can promote the repair of alveolar bone defects. In stem cell tissue engineering, the seed cells are osteogenic and fibrogenic, which can differentiate into osteoblasts to generate new bone. In recent years, research has been keen on the combination of the above to develop new, biocompatible, and slow-release drugs or materials to promote the regeneration and repair of alveolar bone defects. 

Key words: alveolar bone defect, bone regeneration and repair, nano-scaffold materials, hydrogels, Western medicine, Chinese medicine, growth factors, stem cells, engineered tissue construction

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