中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (33): 5382-5387.doi: 10.12307/2024.677

• 骨与关节图像与影像 bone and joint imaging • 上一篇    下一篇

深度学习对膝骨关节炎MRI图像智能分割和测量分析的作用及意义

庾广文1,2,谢俊杰1,梁嘉健1,刘文刚2,吴  淮2,李  慧2,洪坤豪2,李安安2,郭浩鹏2   

  1. 1广州中医药大学第五临床医学院,广东省广州市   510095;2广东省第二中医院,广东省广州市   510095
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-28 接受日期:2023-11-13 出版日期:2024-11-28 发布日期:2024-01-31
  • 通讯作者: 刘文刚,博士,主任医师,广东省第二中医院,广东省广州市 510095
  • 作者简介:庾广文,男,1987年生,广东省广州市人,汉族, 2014年广州中医药大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事关节与运动医学、数字骨科方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广东省中医药局科研项目(20241025),项目负责人:庾广文;广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2023A1515012615,2022A1515220157),项目负责人:刘文刚

Role and significance of deep learning in intelligent segmentation and measurement analysis of knee osteoarthritis MRI images

Yu Guangwen1, 2, Xie Junjie1, Liang Jiajian1, Liu Wengang2, Wu Huai2, Li Hui2, Hong Kunhao2, Li Anan2, Guo Haopeng2   

  1. 1Fifth Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong Province, China; 2Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2023-08-28 Accepted:2023-11-13 Online:2024-11-28 Published:2024-01-31
  • Contact: Liu Wengang, MD, Chief physician, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Yu Guangwen, Master, Attending physician, Fifth Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Research Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong Province, No. 20241025 (to YGW); Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province, No. 2023A1515012615, No. 2022A1515220157 (to LWG)

摘要:


文题释义:

深度学习:是指多层的人工神经网络和训练它的方法。一层神经网络会把大量矩阵数字作为输入,通过非线性激活方法取权重,再产生另一个数据集合作为输出。通过合适的矩阵数量,多层组织链接一起,形成神经网络“大脑”进行精准复杂的处理。
图像智能分割:图像语义分割的目标是给每个像素赋予一个类别标签,属于底层的图像感知问题,分割结果可用于更高级别的视觉任务。在医学图像分析领域,图像分割可用于图像引导干预、放射治疗或改进放射诊断。目前,很多基于深度学习的医学图像分割可以处理各种形式的医学图像,包括 X射线片、显微镜成像(Microscopy)、CT、MRI、PET、超声等。


背景:MRI对诊断早期膝骨关节炎有重要意义。利用深度学习方法进行膝骨关节炎的MRI图像识别和智能分割,是目前人工智能在影像诊断方面的研究热点。

目的:通过对膝骨关节炎病例MRI图像的深度学习,能够全自动分割膝关节的股骨、胫骨、髌骨、软骨、半月板、韧带、肌肉及关节积液,并测量膝关节积液体积和肌肉含量。
方法:筛选出100个正常膝关节和100个膝骨关节炎患者数据,按照8︰1︰1的比例随机分为训练集(traindataset,n=160)、调优集(validation dataset,n=20)和测试集(test dataset,n=20)。采用Coarse-to-Fine序贯训练的方法训练3D-UNET网络深度学习模型,先训练一个膝关节矢状面MRI粗略分割模型,将得到的粗略分割结果作为掩膜(mask),再训练精细分割模型。输入膝关节矢状面T1WI、T2WI图像和各结构的标注文件,运用DeepLab v3,分割骨、软骨、韧带、半月板、肌肉、积液,最后显示三维重建,显示自动测量结果(肌肉的含量、积液的体积),完成深度学习的应用程序。再筛选出26例正常人和38例膝骨关节炎患者的膝关节MRI数据进行测试验证。

结果与结论:①26例正常人中女13例,男13例,平均年龄(34.88±11.75)岁,膝关节中肌肉含量平均值(1 051 322.94±2 007 249.00) mL,均值中位数为631 165.21 mL;积液的体积平均值(291.85±559.59) mL,均值中位数0 mL。②38例膝骨关节炎患者中女30例,男8例,平均年龄(68.53±9.87)岁;肌肉含量平均值(782 409.18±331 392.56) mL,均值中位数689 105.66 mL;积液的体积平均值(1 625.23±5 014.03) mL,均值中位数178.72 mL。③正常人的肌肉含量与膝骨关节炎患者的相差不大,差异无显著性意义;而膝骨关节炎患者积液的体积高于正常人,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。④提示通过深度学习对膝骨关节炎MRI图像进行智能分割,可摒弃以往手工分割的缺陷;对膝骨关节炎的评估需要更加精细化,将图像分割处理得更加精细,以提高结果的精度。

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3573-970X (庾广文) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 膝骨关节炎, 深度学习, 图像识别, 智能分割, 测量分析

Abstract: BACKGROUND: MRI is important for the diagnosis of early knee osteoarthritis. MRI image recognition and intelligent segmentation of knee osteoarthritis using deep learning method is a hot topic in image diagnosis of artificial intelligence.
OBJECTIVE: Through deep learning of MRI images of knee osteoarthritis, the segmentation of femur, tibia, patella, cartilage, meniscus, ligaments, muscles and effusion of knee can be automatically divided, and then volume of knee fluid and muscle content were measured.
METHODS: 100 normal knee joints and 100 knee osteoarthritis patients were selected and randomly divided into training dataset (n=160), validation dataset (n=20), and test dataset (n=20) according to the ratio of 8:1:1. The Coarse-to-Fine sequential training method was used to train the 3D-UNET network deep learning model. A Coarse MRI segmentation model of the knee sagittal plane was trained first, and the rough segmentation results were used as a mask, and then the fine segmentation model was trained. The T1WI and T2WI images of the sagittal surface of the knee joint and the marking files of each structure were input, and DeepLab v3 was used to segment bone, cartilage, ligament, meniscus, muscle, and effusion of knee, and 3D reconstruction was finally displayed and automatic measurement results (muscle content and volume of knee fluid) were displayed to complete the deep learning application program. The MRI data of 26 normal subjects and 38 patients with knee osteoarthritis were screened for validation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The 26 normal subjects were selected, including 13 females and 13 males, with a mean age of (34.88±11.75) years old. The mean muscle content of the knee joint was (1 051 322.94±2 007 249.00) mL, the mean median was 631 165.21 mL, and the mean volume of effusion was (291.85±559.59) mL. The mean median was 0 mL. (2) There were 38 patients with knee osteoarthritis, including 30 females and 8 males. The mean age was (68.53±9.87) years old. The mean muscle content was (782 409.18±331 392.56) mL, the mean median was 689 105.66 mL, and the mean volume of effusion was (1 625.23±5 014.03) mL. The mean median was 178.72 mL. (3) There was no significant difference in muscle content between normal people and knee osteoarthritis patients. The volume of effusion in patients with knee osteoarthritis was higher than that in normal subjects, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). (4) It is indicated that the intelligent segmentation of MRI images by deep learning can discard the defects of manual segmentation in the past. The more accuracy evaluation of knee osteoarthritis was necessary, and the image segmentation was processed more precisely in the future to improve the accuracy of the results.

Key words: knee osteoarthritis, deep learning, image recognition, intelligent segmentation, measurement analysis

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