中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (21): 3413-3417.doi: 10.12307/2024.079

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

机器人辅助全膝关节置换过程中创伤效应的利弊

杨永泽1,程晴灏2,张安任1,杨  鑫1,张壮壮1,樊  华1,张福康1,郭洪章2   

  1. 1甘肃中医药大学第一临床医学院,甘肃省兰州市   780000;2甘肃省人民医院骨科四病区,甘肃省兰州市   780000
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-24 接受日期:2023-05-15 出版日期:2024-07-28 发布日期:2023-09-28
  • 通讯作者: 郭洪章,博士,主任医师,甘肃省人民医院骨科四病区,甘肃省兰州市 780000
  • 作者简介:杨永泽,男,1997 年生,福建省仙游县人,汉族,甘肃中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事髋膝关节损伤修复相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省自然科学基金(20JR10RA358) ,项目负责人:郭洪章

Advantages and disadvantages of trauma effects during robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty

Yang Yongze1, Cheng Qinghao2, Zhang Anren1, Yang Xin1, Zhang Zhuangzhuang1, Fan Hua1, Zhang Fukang1, Guo Hongzhang2   

  1. 1First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 780000, Gansu Province, China; 2Fourth Ward of Department of Orthopedics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 780000, Gansu Province, China
  • Received:2023-04-24 Accepted:2023-05-15 Online:2024-07-28 Published:2023-09-28
  • Contact: Guo Hongzhang, MD, Chief physician, Fourth Ward of Department of Orthopedics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 780000, Gansu Province, China
  • About author:Yang Yongze, Master candidate, First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 780000, Gansu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Gansu Provincial Natural Science Foundation, No. 20JR10RA358 (to GHZ)

摘要:


文题释义:

机器人辅助技术:它由一个机械臂组成,该机械臂设计用于通过触觉接口辅助全膝关节置换术。当骨切除开始超出术前计划中设定的预定参数时,机器人系统停止锯切。提高了外科医生再现膝盖对齐和保护重要软组织结构的能力。该系统根据术前CT图像创建患者解剖结构的三维(3D)模型,以准确确定骨切除、植入物尺寸和植入物位置。
全膝关节置换术:是指三间室关节置换,主要包括胫股内侧间室、胫股外侧间室及髌骨间室。术者对股骨远端、胫骨近端以及髌骨表面进行截骨,安装人工关节假体,通常采用骨水泥进行固定。通过全膝关节置换手术可以使下肢力线得到纠正,关节疼痛及关节畸形可以得到解决。


背景:应用机器人辅助技术进行全膝关节置换是目前的研究热点之一。从20世纪80年代起,国外将机器人辅助技术引入全膝关节置换术中,以实现精准截骨和恢复良好的下肢力线。经过几十年的使用,机器人不断更新迭代性能更加优越,但因其增加围术期时间和手术创伤而受到批评。

目的:总结现今骨科手术机器人在全膝关节置换过程中创伤方面的优缺点。
方法:检索 PubMed 数据库和中国知网收录的有关分析手术机器人辅助全膝关节置换手术创伤优势及不足的文章,英文检索词为“arthroplasty,replacement,knee,knee replacement arthroplasty,procedure,robotic surgical,total knee arthroplasty,arthroplasty,replacement,knee,robotic-assisted”,中文检索词为“机器人辅助,机械臂,膝骨关节炎,关节炎”。根据纳入与排除标准对所有文章进行初筛后,保留质量和相关性较高的62篇文献进行综述。

结果与结论:①手术机器人辅助全膝关节置换并未增加患者手术创伤程度,并且表现出比传统全膝关节置换更低的创伤效应;②手术机器人辅助全膝关节置换具有准确辅助截骨、个体化置入假体、更好地保护膝关节周围软组织、减少镇痛药物使用、降低术后炎症指标变化、缩短住院时间等降低创伤方面的优势,但也存在手术耗时延长、并发症增加、医疗成本提高等不足;③提示初步临床应用研究显示手术机器人辅助全膝关节置换可以降低手术创伤,但需要警惕潜在风险,同时与传统全膝关节置换相比其确切优势尚待大样本随机对照研究和长期随访来验证。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1793-8236 (杨永泽)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 机器人辅助, 全膝关节置换, 传统术式, 膝骨关节炎, 创伤, 利弊

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The application of robot-assisted technology for total knee arthroplasty is one of the current research hotspots. Since the 1980s, robot-assisted technology has been introduced into total knee arthroplasty outside China to achieve accurate osteotomy and good recovery of lower limb alignment. After decades of use, the robot has continuously improved its performance with new iterations, but has been criticized for increasing perioperative time and surgical trauma.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the advantages and disadvantages of current orthopedic surgical robots in total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS: PubMed database and CNKI were searched to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty in surgical trauma. English search terms were “arthroplasty, replacement, knee, knee replacement arthroplasty, procedure, robotic surgical, total knee arthroplasty, arthroplasty, replacement, knee, robotic-assisted”. The Chinese search terms were “robot-assisted, robotic arm, knee osteoarthritis, arthritis”. After the initial screening of all articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 62 articles with high quality and relevance were reviewed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty did not increase the degree of surgical trauma in patients, and showed a lower trauma effect than conventional manual total knee arthroplasty. (2) Robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty has the advantages of accurate auxiliary osteotomy, individualized prosthesis implantation, better protection of soft tissue around the knee joint, reduction of analgesic drug use, reduction of postoperative inflammatory index changes, and shortening of hospital stay. However, there are also shortcomings such as prolonged operation time, increased complications, and increased medical costs. (3) It is concluded that preliminary clinical application studies have shown that robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty can reduce surgical trauma, but it is necessary to be alert to potential risks. Simultaneously, its exact advantages compared with conventional manual total knee arthroplasty need to be verified by large-sample randomized controlled studies and long-term follow-up.

Key words: robot assisted, total knee arthroplasty, traditional technique, knee osteoarthritis, trauma, advantages and disadvantages

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