中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (24): 3801-3806.doi: 10.12307/2024.613

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

不同骨密度对膝关节单髁置换后关节内各结构影响的三维有限元分析

刘蒙飞1,马鹏程2,尹  灿1,姜  侃1,巨啸晨1   

  1. 1新疆医科大学第六附属医院关节外科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市   830000;2山东省公共卫生临床中心骨科,山东省济南市   250000
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-26 接受日期:2023-08-09 出版日期:2024-08-28 发布日期:2023-11-20
  • 通讯作者: 巨啸晨,副主任医师,新疆医科大学第六附属医院关节外科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830000
  • 作者简介:刘蒙飞,男,1992年生,河南省洛阳市人,汉族,新疆医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨与关节损伤研究。 马鹏程,男,1996年生,河北省石家庄市人,硕士,医师,主要从事骨与关节损伤研究。

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of effects of different bone densities on various intraarticular structures after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Liu Mengfei1, Ma Pengcheng2, Yin Can1, Jiang Kan1, Ju Xiaochen1   

  1. 1Department of Joint Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2023-06-26 Accepted:2023-08-09 Online:2024-08-28 Published:2023-11-20
  • Contact: Ju Xiaochen, Associate chief physician, Department of Joint Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Liu Mengfei, Master candidate, Department of Joint Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China Ma Pengcheng, Master, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China

摘要:


文题释义:

单髁置换术:作为一种保膝手术,仅对病变间室进行置换,可保留交叉韧带和健侧间室,最大程度恢复关节的本体感觉和运动功能,能够有效缓解膝关节疼痛,改善患者生活质量。
有限元分析法:是一种工程数学方法,用于模拟材料或结构在不同条件下的力学行为。在引入骨科后催生了骨外科学-生物力学这一新兴的交叉学科。该方法已广泛应用在膝关节置换的研究中,以了解膝关节内部结构的应力大小及分布情况。


背景:骨质疏松症是膝骨关节炎患者的常见合并症,不同骨密度对单髁置换的预后有何种影响是目前研究的热点。

目的:通过有限元法研究不同骨密度对内侧固定平台单髁置换后关节内各结构应力大小及分布的影响,评估骨质疏松与并发症的相关性。
方法:利用CT、MRI获取1名志愿者的下肢影像数据,通过Geomagic Studio、Ansys workbench、Mimics等软件构建正常骨质的膝关节有限元模型(T值≥-1.0),通过改变材料参数建立骨质减少(-2.5 < T值 < -1.0)和骨质疏松(T值≤-2.5)的膝关节有限元模型,并验证有效性。使用布尔运算模拟单髁置换,得到3组骨质的单髁置换模型,在3组模型的股骨髁中心施加垂直向下的1 000 N载荷,观察并比较各模型中半月板、胫骨软骨、聚乙烯衬垫表面、胫骨假体下皮质骨和松质骨表面的应力数据,以及聚乙烯衬垫和胫骨假体下松质骨的应变数据。

结果与结论:①相较于正常骨质组和骨质减少组,骨质疏松组半月板和聚乙烯衬垫表面的应力峰值更大,胫骨软骨的应力峰值更小;②在3组模型中,胫骨假体下皮质骨表面的高应力值随骨质的减少而增大,应力集中于皮质骨的内侧缘,胫骨假体下松质骨表面的高应力值随骨质的减少而降低,应力集中于松质骨的后内侧以及龙骨凹槽的弧形底面;③骨质疏松组聚乙烯衬垫、胫骨假体下松质骨的应变大于正常骨质组和骨质减少组;④骨质疏松会引起单髁置换后膝关节内部结构的生物力学异常,可能会增加并发症的发生率、提高翻修的风险。

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3302-350X (刘蒙飞) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 膝骨关节炎, 单髁置换, 骨质疏松, 生物力学, 有限元分析

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a common comorbidity in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The impact of osteoporosis on the prognosis of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is a trending topic of current research.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of different bone densities on the stress value and stress distribution of each structure in the joint after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty using finite element analysis, and to evaluate the correlation between osteoporosis and complications. 
METHODS: CT and MRI were adopted to obtain the lower limb image data of a volunteer. Geomagic Studio, Ansys workbench, and Mimics were used to establish a finite element model of the knee joint with normal sclerotin condition (T-value ≥ -1.0). The finite element model of the knee joint with osteopenia (-2.5 < T-value < -1.0) and osteoporosis (T-value ≤ -2.5) was established by changing the elastic modulus, and the validity was verified. The Boolean operation was used to simulate unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, and the unicompartmental knee arthroplasty models of three groups of sclerotin conditions were established. A 1 000 N vertical downward load was applied to the center of the femoral condyle of the three models. The stress data of the meniscus, the tibial cartilage, the polyethylene liner surface, and the surfaces of the cortical bone and the cancellous bone under the tibial prostheses, as well as the strain data of the polyethylene liner and the cancellous bone under tibial prostheses, were also observed and compared.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the normal sclerotin group and the osteopenia group, the peak stress of the meniscus and the polyethylene liner surface was larger, and the peak stress of the tibial cartilage was smaller in the osteoporosis group. (2) In the three models, the high-stress value of the cortical bone under the tibial prostheses increased with osteopenia, and the stress was concentrated on the internal edge of the cortical bone. The high-stress value of the cancellous bone under the tibial prostheses decreased with osteopenia, and the stress was concentrated on the posteromedial side of the cancellous bone and the curved bottom of the keel groove. (3) The strain data on the polyethylene liner and cancellous bone under tibial prostheses in the osteoporosis group were greater than those in the normal sclerotin and osteopenia groups. (4) Osteoporosis can cause biomechanical abnormalities of the internal structure of the knee joint after the treatment of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, which may increase the incidence of complications and the risk of re-surgery.

Key words: knee osteoarthritis, arthroplasty, osteoporosis, biomechanics, finite element analysis

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