中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (35): 5732-5740.doi: 10.12307/2024.591

• 组织构建循证医学 evidence-based medicine in tissue construction • 上一篇    

冷水浸泡剂量对骨骼肌运动性疲劳恢复效果的系统评价与Meta分析

李  强1,季煜钦2,叶  强3   

  1. 1江南影视艺术职业学院体育部,江苏省无锡市  214153;南京体育学院,2运动与健康学院,3体育教育与人文学院,江苏省南京市  210014
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-18 接受日期:2023-12-14 出版日期:2024-12-18 发布日期:2024-03-15
  • 通讯作者: 叶强,博士,南京体育学院,体育教育与人文学院,江苏省南京市 210014
  • 作者简介:李强,男,1989年生,安徽省人,汉族,2019年南京体育学院毕业,硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    科技部国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2007002),项目参与人:叶强

Effect of cold water immersion dose on the recovery of skeletal muscle fatigue induced by exercise: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

Li Qiang1, Ji Yuqin2, Ye Qiang3   

  1. 1Jiangnan Vocational College of Media Arts, Wuxi 214153, Jiangsu Province, China; 2School of Sport and Health, 3School of Physical Education and Humanities, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2023-07-18 Accepted:2023-12-14 Online:2024-12-18 Published:2024-03-15
  • Contact: Ye Qiang, PhD, School of Physical Education and Humanities, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Li Qiang, Master, Jiangnan Vocational College of Media Arts, Wuxi 214153, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Key R&D Program of Ministry of Science and Technology, No. 2020YFC2007002 (to YQ [project participant])

摘要:


文题释义:

冷水浸泡:是一种物理疗法,是指在运动后将全身或局部浸泡在5-20 ℃的低温水或液体中,利用低温环境与静水压力的双重作用来减轻组织肿胀、肌肉疼痛和炎症反应等不良症状,从而达到促进运动疲劳恢复的目的。
运动性疲劳:是一种由运动自身引起的骨骼肌最大随意收缩肌力、峰值功率或维持恒定功率做功能力暂时性下降的生理现象。


目的:冷水浸泡恢复方法在浸泡水温、时长及深度等操作性指标上暂无统一方案,导致在骨骼肌运动性疲劳恢复疗效方面产生争议。文章以此分析不同因素下冷水浸泡对肌肉损伤、肌肉酸痛及肌力恢复的影响,以期探寻最佳的浸泡实施方案,从而为肌肉组织疲劳恢复提供证据。

方法:对中国知网、万方数据、Web of Science、PubMed数据库进行检索,检索跨度为2000-01-01/2023-08-15,共得文献4 759篇,通过筛选排除4 735篇,最终纳入文献24篇。采用物理治疗证据数据库量表对纳入文献进行方法学质量评估,并使用Stata-MP 16软件进行效应量合并、亚组分析、Meta回归、敏感性检验和发表偏倚分析。
结果:①共纳入24项随机对照试验,包括617例受试者,整体上方法学质量较高;②Meta分析结果显示:冷水浸泡能显著降低肌酸激酶血值(SMD=-0.17,95%CI:-0.29至-0.05,P < 0.01),减轻肌肉酸痛(SMD=-0.60,95%CI:-0.81至-0.38,P < 0.01)和促进最大肌力恢复(SMD=0.17,95%CI:0.05-0.30,P < 0.01);③亚组分析结果显示,水温> 14 ℃(SMD=-0.48,95%CI:-0.76至-0.20,P < 0.01)和时长12-14 min(SMD=-0.38,95%CI:-0.61至-0.15,P < 0.01)的浸泡方案降低肌酸激酶血值效果最好,且对耐力运动(SMD=-0.45,95%CI:-0.71至-0.20,P < 0.01)后的干预疗效更显著;水温< 10 ℃(SMD=-0.61,95%CI:-0.79至-0.43,P < 0.01)、时长< 12 min(SMD=-0.76,95%CI:-0.98至-0.53,P < 0.01)以及髂棘以上(SMD=-0.74,95%CI:-0.97至-0.52,P < 0.01)的浸泡深度缓解肌肉酸痛效果最好,且对耐力运动(SMD=-0.42,95%CI:-0.61至-0.22,P < 0.01)后的镇痛效果更明显;④Meta回归结果显示,浸泡水温、浸泡时长及运动类型是影响肌酸激酶效应量的重要调节因子;浸泡水温及浸泡深度是影响目测类比评分效应量的重要调节因子,运动类型是影响最大等长肌力效应量的重要调节因子。

结论:①极低到中等强度证据显示,冷水浸泡能有效减轻肌肉损伤、缓解肌肉酸痛和促进肌力恢复;②在减轻肌肉损伤方面,浸泡水温、浸泡时长、运动类型是影响浸泡疗效的显著调节因子,其中浸泡水温> 14 ℃、时长12-14 min是降低运动后肌肉损伤的最佳方案,且对耐力运动后的浸泡效果更好;③在降低肌肉酸痛方面,浸泡水温、浸泡深度是影响干预效应的重要调节因子,其中浸泡水温< 10 ℃、时长< 12 min、髂棘以上浸泡深度是减轻肌肉酸痛的最佳方案,且对耐力运动后的镇痛效果更好;④在促进肌力恢复方面,运动类型是影响最大等长肌力效应量的关键调节因子。

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7751-4833(李强);https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-6932(叶强)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 冷疗, 冷水浸泡, 肌酸激酶, 肌肉损伤, 炎症反应, 延迟性肌肉酸痛, 最大肌力, 运动性疲劳, 疲劳恢复, Meta分析

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cold water immersion methods are not standardized in terms of operational indicators such as immersion temperature, duration and depth, leading to controversy over the efficacy of recovery from exercise fatigue in skeletal muscle. In this article, we analyze the effects of cold water immersion on muscle injury, muscle soreness and muscle strength recovery under different factors, in order to find the best immersion implementation plan, and thus provide evidence for the recovery of muscle fatigue. 
METHODS: A search of CNKI, WanFang Data, Web of Science, and PubMed databases was conducted for relevant literature published from January 1, 2000 to August 15, 2023. A total of 4 759 articles were initially retrieved, with 4 735 articles excluded through screening and 24 articles finally included. The Physical Therapy Evidence Database Scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included literature, and Stata-MP 16 software was used to perform effect size combinations, subgroup analyses, Meta-regression, sensitivity tests, and publication bias analyses.
RESULTS: (1) The article included a total of 24 randomized controlled trial studies, including 617 subjects, with overall high legal quality. (2) Meta-analysis showed that cold water immersion can significantly reduce creatine kinase blood value [standardized mean difference (SMD)=-0.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.29 to -0.05, P < 0.01], alleviate muscle pain (SMD=-0.60, 95% CI: -0.81 to -0.38, P < 0.01), and promote maximum muscle strength recovery (SMD=0.17, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.30, P < 0.01). (3) Subgroup analysis showed that: The immersing regimen with water temperature > 14 °C (SMD=-0.48, 95% CI: -0.76 to -0.20, P < 0.01) and duration of 12-14 minutes (SMD=-0.38, 95% CI: -0.61 to -0.15, P < 0.01) had the best effect in reducing creatine kinase blood values, and had a more significant intervention effect on endurance exercise (SMD=-0.45, 95% CI: -0.71 to -0.20, P < 0.01), while the immersion regimen with water temperature < 10 °C (SMD=-0.61, 95% CI: -0.79 to -0.43, P < 0.01), duration < 12 minutes (SMD=-0.76, 95% CI: -0.98 to -0.53, P < 0.01), and immersion depth above the iliac spine (SMD=-0.74, 95% CI: -0.97 to -0.52, P < 0.01) had the best effect on relieving muscle soreness, and had a more significant analgesic effect after endurance exercise (SMD=-0.42, 95% CI: -0.61 to -0.22, P < 0.01). (4) Meta regression showed that immersion water temperature, immersion duration, and exercise type were important regulatory factors affecting the effect size of creatine kinase; immersing water temperature and immersing depth were important regulatory factors affecting the effect size of visual analogue scale score, while exercise type was an important regulatory factor affecting the maximum isometric muscle strength effect size.
CONCLUSION: (1) Evidence of extremely low to moderate strength suggests that cold water immersion can effectively reduce muscle damage, alleviate muscle soreness, and promote muscle strength recovery. (2) In terms of reducing muscle injury, immersion water temperature, immersion duration, and exercise type are significant regulatory factors that affect the efficacy of immersing. Among them, immersion water temperature > 14 °C and duration of 12-14 minutes are the best solutions to reduce muscle injury after exercise, and the immersing effect is better for endurance exercise. (3) In terms of reducing muscle soreness, immersion water temperature and immersion depth are important regulatory factors that affect the intervention effect. Among them, immersion water temperature < 10 °C, duration < 12 minutes, and immersing depth above the iliac spine are the best solutions to reduce muscle soreness, and have a better analgesic effect after endurance exercise. (4) In terms of promoting muscle strength recovery, exercise type is a key regulatory factor that affects the maximum isometric muscle strength effect.

Key words: cold therapy, cold water immersion, creatine kinase, muscle injury, inflammatory response, delayed muscle soreness, maximum muscle strength, exercise induced fatigue, fatigue recovery, Meta-analysis

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