中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (12): 1837-1841.doi: 10.12307/2024.021

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

新型钉尾横连在后路寰枢椎固定中的生物力学分析

欧阳北平1,马向阳2,罗春山1,邹小宝2,陆廷盛1,陈啟鸰1   

  1. 1贵州省骨科医院,贵州省贵阳市   550004 ;2中国人民解放军南部战区总医院脊柱外科,广东省广州市   510010
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-28 接受日期:2023-03-02 出版日期:2024-04-28 发布日期:2023-08-22
  • 通讯作者: 马向阳,博士,主任医师,中国人民解放军南部战区总医院脊柱外科,广东省广州市 510010
  • 作者简介:欧阳北平,男,1987年生,江西省彭泽县人,汉族,2022年南方医科大学毕业,博士,副主任医师,主要从事脊柱外科(上颈椎)方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:


Biomechanical analysis of new horizontal screw-screw crosslink in C1-C2 pedicle screw-rod fixation

Ouyang Beiping1, Ma Xiangyang2, Luo Chunshan1, Zou Xiaobao2, Lu Tingsheng1, Chen Qiling1   

  1. 1Guizhou Orthopedics Hospital, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of Chinese PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2022-11-28 Accepted:2023-03-02 Online:2024-04-28 Published:2023-08-22
  • Contact: Ma Xiangyang, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of Chinese PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Ouyang Beiping, MD, Associate chief physician, Guizhou Orthopedics Hospital, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China

摘要:


文题释义:

寰枢椎脱位:是由于创伤、先天畸形、炎症或手术等因素造成关节面失去正常对合关系,发生关节功能障碍和(或)神经压迫的病理状态。主要是由创伤、关节先天畸形、炎症等引起。
钉尾横连:包括锁棒螺母、横连螺母和横向连接板,连接板两侧有椭圆形开孔,并有直板和弧形板两种规格,将横连连接在固定的螺钉尾部。


背景:后路寰-枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定是治疗寰枢椎脱位的主要方法,横连接在内固定系统抗旋转能力中起着重要作用。新型寰椎钉尾横连可以有效克服传统横连安装不便、影响植骨床和脊髓损伤可能等缺点,但不同安装模式的新型钉尾横连的生物力学性能尚不清楚。

目的:测试不同安装模式的新型寰椎钉尾横连在后路寰-枢椎椎弓根钉棒内固定系统中的生物力学特性,为临床选择最佳安装模式提供理论依据。
方法:6具新鲜人体枕颈标本作为完整组(A组),在完整组基础上建立Ⅱ型齿状突骨折的寰枢椎失稳模型(B组),在失稳组基础上对每具标本先后进行后路寰-枢椎椎弓根钉、棒内固定(C组),在C组上依次安装不同模式新型寰椎钉尾横连,其中包括上水平横连(两寰椎螺钉钉尾)为D组,下水平横连(两枢椎螺钉钉尾)为E组,斜形横连(左上右下为F组,左下右上为G组),交叉横连为H组。在三维运动机上将标本模型按顺序进行前屈、后伸、左右侧屈和左右旋转测试,获取各个内固定状态下的寰枢椎活动度。运用重复测量方差分析评价各组模型的生物力学特性。

结果与结论:①在6种工况下,A、C、D、E、F、G、H组寰枢椎活动度小于B组,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);②在前屈、后伸状态下,5种横连内固定组相比无统计学差异(P > 0.05);③在左右旋转方向上,D、E组与F、G、H组对比差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05),D与E组,F与G组组间对比无统计学差异(P > 0.05),F、G与H组对比亦无统计学差异(P > 0.05);④提示在前屈、后伸状态下,5种钉尾横连组生物力学稳定性相当;但在左右旋转状态下,斜形钉尾横连和交叉钉尾横连的稳定性明显优于上下钉尾横连组;而斜形钉尾横连具备和交叉横连同等的抗旋转稳定性,故值得临床优先推荐。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7698-0944 (欧阳北平) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 钉尾横连, 后路, 寰枢椎, 内固定, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Posterior atlantoaxial pedicle screw rod internal fixation is the main method for treating atlantoaxial dislocation, and the horizontal crosslink plays an important role in the antirotation ability of the internal fixation system. The new horizontal screw-screw crosslink can effectively overcome the disadvantages of traditional horizontal crosslink, such as inconvenient installation, impact on bone grafting bed, and potential spinal cord injury. However, the biomechanical properties of the new horizontal screw-screw crosslink with different installation modes are still unclear. 
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biomechanical characteristics of new different installation modes of horizontal screw-screw crosslink in the C1-C2 pedicle screw-rod fixation and to provide a theoretical basis for optimal installation mode.
METHODS: Six fresh human occipitocervical specimens were divided into the intact state group (group A), and the atlantoaxial instability model of type II odontoid fracture was established based on the intact state group as the instability group (group B). The C1-C2 pedicle screw-rod fixation was performed on each specimen based on the instability group (group C). In group C, different installation modes of horizontal screw-screw crosslink were successively installed in each specimen, including upper transverse connection (two atlas screw tails) as group D, lower transverse connection (two axis screw tails) as group E, diagonal transverse connection (upper left and lower right for group F, lower left and upper right for group G), and cross transverse connection as group H. The specimen models were tested in order of flexion, extension, lateral flexion and lateral rotation on a three-dimensional motion machine, and the atlantoaxial range of motion of each group of specimens was obtained. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used to evaluate the biomechanical properties of each group. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under six states, the range of motion of groups A, C, D, E, F, G and H was smaller than that of group B, and there were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). (2) In the flexion and extension states, there was no significant difference among the five types of horizontal screw-screw crosslink groups (P > 0.05). (3) In the left and right rotation directions, there were significant differences in D and E groups compared with F, G and H groups (P < 0.05); there were no significant differences between D and E groups, and F and G groups (P > 0.05), and there were no significant differences in F and G groups compared with H group (P > 0.05). (4) In conclusion, under flexion-extension states, the biomechanical stability of five types of horizontal screw-screw crosslink groups was similar, but under the rotation state, the stability of diagonal horizontal screw-screw crosslink group and cross horizontal screw-screw crosslink group was obviously better than that of transverse horizontal screw-screw crosslink group; however, the stability of diagonal horizontal screw-screw crosslink group is similar to the cross horizontal screw-screw crosslink group, so the former is more worthy of clinical recommendation.

Key words: horizontal screw-screw crosslink, posterior, atlantoaxial, internal fixation, biomechanics

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