中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (22): 3492-3497.doi: 10.12307/2023.350

• 数字化骨科Digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

框架式并联骨科手术机器人辅助椎弓根螺钉置入

郭  凯1,张家豪2,黄  星2,信保全3,章林祥4,江礼俊4,倪祥之2,由超群1,曹  东5,刘铁龙2   

  1. 1潍坊医学院临床医学院,山东省潍坊市   261053;2海军军医大学第二附属医院骨肿瘤科,上海市   200003;3上海理工大学健康科学与工程学院,上海市   200003;4宁波大学医学院,浙江省宁波市   315000;5上海禾璞医疗科技有限公司,上海市   200336
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-05 接受日期:2022-05-19 出版日期:2023-08-08 发布日期:2022-11-02
  • 通讯作者: 刘铁龙,主任医师,博士,海军军医大学附属第二医院骨肿瘤科,上海市 2000003
  • 作者简介:郭凯,男,1995年生,山东省淄博市人,汉族,潍坊医学院在读硕士,主要从事骨外科学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    019年度国防科技基础加强计划重点基础研究项目(2019-JCJQ-ZD-120-50),项目负责人:刘铁龙

Pedicle screw placement assisted by frame-type parallel orthopedic robot

Guo Kai1, Zhang Jiahao2, Huang Xing2, Xin Baoquan3, Zhang Linxiang4, Jiang Lijun4, Ni Xiangzhi2, You Chaoqun1, Cao Dong5, Liu Tielong2   

  1. 1School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; 3School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200003, China; 4School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China; 5Shanghai Hepu Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200336, China
  • Received:2022-04-05 Accepted:2022-05-19 Online:2023-08-08 Published:2022-11-02
  • Contact: Liu Tielong, Chief physician, MD, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
  • About author:Guo Kai, Master candidate, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    The 2019 Key Basic Research Project of Basic Strengthening Program of National Defense Science and Technology, No. 2019-JCJQ-ZD-120-50 (to LTL)

摘要:


文题释义:

骨科手术机器人:是辅助进行骨科手术的一种导航辅助型外科手术机器人,主要由控制系统、定位导航装置、机械臂装置及配套的工具集组成,医师可以借以规划手术路线,通过骨科手术机器人机械臂的运动使手术器械置入相应的解剖部位进行手术。
Stewart并联机器人:Stewart平台具有刚度大、承载能力强、位置误差不累计等特点,目前已经成为空间机构学的研究热点。目前Stewart平台已经在航空、航天、海底作业、地下开采、制造装配等行业有着广泛应用。

背景:课题组与上海大学机器人研究所以及上海禾璞医疗科技有限公司共同开发了框架式并联骨科手术机器人,希望为国产骨科手术机器人的发展做出贡献。
目的:通过动物腰椎实验测试框架式并联骨科手术机器人辅助腰椎手术的可行性,验证其操作性能及辅助置钉的准确度。
方法:将12具山羊腰椎随机分成2组,实验组(6具,60个钉道)使用手术机器人根据三维CT数据规划钉道,并应用框架式并联骨科手术机器人辅助置入克氏针;对照组(6具,60个钉道)由医生根据二维X射线数据手动置入克氏针。记录钉道规划时间、克氏针置入时间、X射线暴露时间。实验结束后采集两组CT影像,依据改良Gertzbein-Robbins分类标准评估置入克氏针的准确性与优良率。
结果与结论:①实验组钉道规划时间长于对照组(P < 0.001),两组间克氏针置入时间及X射线暴露时间比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②标本CT扫描显示,实验组置钉成功率、优良率分别为100%,96.7%,对照组置钉成功率、优良率分别为98.3%,85.0%,实验组置钉优良率明显高于对照组(P < 0.05);③结果表明,与术中C臂机透视引导徒手置钉相比,应用框架式并联骨科手术机器人进行辅助椎弓根螺钉置钉的准确率更高,可以有效提高手术安全性。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-3855(郭凯) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 框架式, 并联, 脊柱, 手术机器人, 骨科手术, 椎弓根螺钉

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Our group, together with the Institute of Robotics of Shanghai University and Shanghai Hepu Medical Technology Co., Ltd. developed this Frame-type Parallel Orthopedic Robot in the hope of contributing to the development of domestic orthopedic surgical robots. 
OBJECTIVE: To test the feasibility of the frame-type parallel orthopedic robot-assisted lumbar spine surgery by animal lumbar spine experiments and to verify its operational performance and the accuracy of the assisted nail placement.
METHODS: A total of twelve goat lumbar vertebrae were randomized into two groups. In the experimental group (6 vertebrae, 60 nail paths), the screw path was planned according to 3D CT data using the surgical robot and Kirschner wire placement was assisted by frame-type parallel orthopedic robot. The control group (6 vertebrae, 60 nail paths) was manually implanted with Kirschner wire under the 2D X-ray data. The screw path planning time, Kirschner wire placement time and X-ray exposure time were recorded. CT images of both groups were collected after the experiment. The accuracy and the excellent and good rate of Kirschner wire placement were assessed according to the modified Gertzbein-Robbins criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The screw path planning time of the experimental group was longer than that of the control group (P < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in Kirschner wire placement time and X-ray exposure time between the experimental group and the control group (P > 0.05). (2) According to the CT scan of the specimens after the experiment, the success rate and the excellent and good rate of the experimental group were 100% and 96.7%, and those of the control group were 98.3% and 85.0%. The excellent and good rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). (3) This demonstrates that frame-type parallel orthopedic robot-guided placement of pedicle screws has a higher accuracy rate compared with intraoperative C-arm fluoroscopy-guided freehand screw placement, which can effectively improve surgical safety.

Key words: frame-type, parallel spine, surgical robot, orthopedic surgery, pedicle screw

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