中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (9): 1359-1364.doi: 10.12307/2023.211

• 数字化骨科 digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

脊柱微创治疗脊髓型颈椎病的有限元生物力学分析及精准化运动康复方案

刘金玉,张晗硕,崔洪鹏,潘灵之,赵博然,李  菲,丁  宇   

  1. 解放军总医院第六医学中心中医医学部骨伤科,北京市   100048
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-29 接受日期:2022-01-19 出版日期:2023-03-28 发布日期:2022-07-01
  • 通讯作者: 丁宇,博士,教授,主任医师,解放军总医院第六医学中心中医医学部骨伤科,北京市 100048
  • 作者简介:刘金玉,男,1992年生,河北省张家口市人,汉族,医师,主要从事微创脊柱外科、生物力学与运动康复方面的研究。 张晗硕,男,1995年生,河北省廊坊市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事微创脊柱外科、医学有限元方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    首都临床诊疗技术研究及示范应用项目(Z191100006619028),项目名称:富血小板血浆椎间盘注射联合椎间孔镜技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症及术后康复的临床研究,项目负责人:丁宇

Finite element biomechanical analysis of minimally invasive treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and accurate exercise rehabilitation

Liu Jinyu, Zhang Hanshuo, Cui Hongpeng, Pan Lingzhi, Zhao Boran, Li Fei, Ding Yu   

  1. TCM Senior Department of Orthopedics, Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
  • Received:2021-11-29 Accepted:2022-01-19 Online:2023-03-28 Published:2022-07-01
  • Contact: Ding Yu, MD, Professor, Chief physician, TCM Senior Department of Orthopedics, Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
  • About author:Liu Jinyu, Physician, TCM Senior Department of Orthopedics, Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China Zhang Hanshuo, Master, TCM Senior Department of Orthopedics, Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China Liu Jinyu and Zhang Hanshuo contributed equally to this article.
  • Supported by:
    Capital Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research and Demonstration Application Project, No. Z191100006619028 (to DY)

摘要:

文题释义:
术后精准化康复:是对手术充分了解的情况下,基于手术对患者造成的一些结构和功能改变及其因手术会产生的并发症问题,而制定的精准化康复功能训练方案。由于方案是直接基于手术本身而制定的,所以对于患者快速恢复功能、回归社会具有重大意义。
颈椎有限元生物力学:通过有限元计算机仿真模拟技术将人体的结构通过CT平扫数据进行模拟建立3D立体模型,再通过建立人体生理或其他受力环境,将模型置于建立的力学环境中进行受力分析得到数据,分析数据的意义进而指导临床工作。

背景:内镜下椎板开窗减压术导致颈椎骨性结构改变,进而引起责任节段生物力学变化,临床术后康复亟需了解该结构变化引起的生物力学变化,从而建立精准化运动康复方案。
目的:应用有限元逆向工程技术建立针对治疗脊髓型颈椎病的三维实体有限元模型,并建立颈椎生理活动下静态的生物力学分析,制定术后精准化运动康复训练对策。
方法:获得志愿者颈椎术前及2次手术后的CT薄层平扫数据,分别导入Mimics 20.0软件中,应用术前CT资料建立C4-5节段骨性组织有限元模型M,应用第1次术后CT资料建立单侧C4-5椎板开窗减压术后模型M1,应用第2次术后CT资料建立双侧C4-5椎板开窗减压术后模型M2。将3种骨性模型导入3-matic中进行曲面构建,在C4椎体上表面施加75 N轴向向下压力,记录不同工况下椎间盘受力和椎体位移值。
结果与结论:①与模型M比较,模型M1右侧弯活动下的椎间盘b、d区域应力增高10%-12%,其他工况下的椎间盘应力无明显差异;模型M2右侧弯活动下的b、d区域压力值增高10%-13%,左侧弯活动下的a、c区域椎间盘压力值增高9%-11%,其他工况下的椎间盘压力值无明显差异;②与模型M比较,模型M1右侧弯活动下的位移增加约15%,其他工况下的位移约增高13%;模型M2左右侧弯活动下的位移变化均增加约17%,其他工况下的位移约增高14%;③结果提示,全内镜下椎板开窗减压手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病对脊柱整体的生物力学稳定性影响较小,可根据术后骨性结构变化引起的生物力学变化制定精准化运动康复方案:对于单侧术后患者需着重训练手术侧颈半棘肌和头半棘肌,对于双侧术后患者需再训练双侧颈半棘肌和头半棘肌等肌肉组织,从而增加颈椎后方的肌肉强度,通过肌肉力量使颈椎更好地处于中轴线上,达到稳定颈椎目的。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-0515(刘金玉)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 脊髓型颈椎病, 脊柱内镜, 微创减压, 精准化运动康复, 有限元分析, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic fenestration and decompression of cervical lamina lead to changes in bony structure of cervical vertebrae, which in turn leads to biomechanical changes of responsible segments. In clinical rehabilitation, it is urgent to understand the biomechanical changes caused by structural changes so as to establish an accurate exercise rehabilitation program.
OBJECTIVE: To establish a three-dimensional solid finite element model for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy by using the finite element reverse engineering technology, and to establish the static biomechanical analysis of cervical physiological activities, and to formulate the strategy of postoperative accurate exercise rehabilitation training. 
METHODS: The thin slice plain scan data of cervical vertebrae of volunteers before and after two operations were obtained and imported into Mimics 20.0 software, respectively. Using the preoperative CT data, the finite element model M of C4-5 segment bone tissue was established. The fenestration model M1 of unilateral C4-5 lamina was established by using CT data after the first operation. The fenestration model M2 of bilateral C4-5 lamina was established by using CT data after the second operation. Three kinds of bone models were introduced into 3-matic for surface construction. A 75 N axial downward pressure was applied on the upper surface of the C4 vertebral body, and the intervertebral disc force and vertebral body displacement were recorded under different working conditions.   
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with model M, the stress in intervertebral disc b and d regions of model M1 increased by 10%-12% during the right bending activity, and there was no significant difference in other physiological activities. The stress in b and d regions of model M2 increased by 10%-13% when the right bend was active, and the stress in a and c regions increased by 9%-11% when the left bend was active, and there was no significant difference in other physiological activities. (2) Compared with model M, the displacement of model M1 increased by about 15% under the right bending physiological activity, and increased by about 13% in other directions. Under the physiological activities of left and right lateral bending, the displacement of model M2 increased by about 17%, and increased by about 14% in other directions. (3) It is concluded that full endoscopic fenestration discectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy has little effects on the biomechanical stability of the spine as a whole. An accurate exercise rehabilitation program was made according to the biomechanical changes caused by the changes of bone structure after operation. For the patients after unilateral full endoscopic fenestration discectomy, they should focus on the training of the cervical semispinalis muscle and the cephalic semispinalis muscle on the operative side. For patients after bilateral full endoscopic fenestration discectomy, it is necessary to train muscle tissues such as bilateral cervical semispinalis muscle and cephalic semispinalis muscle, so as to increase the muscle strength of the back of the cervical vertebra, and make the cervical vertebra better on the central axis through muscle strength, so as to achieve the purpose of stabilizing the cervical vertebra.

Key words: cervical spondylotic myelopathy, spinal endoscopy, minimally invasive decompression, precision sports rehabilitation, finite element analysis, biomechanics

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