中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (12): 1961-1968.doi: 10.12307/2023.108

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    

口腔种植体材料表面处理及其抗菌、诱导成骨的能力

王月升1，高  炜2，3，彭  诚1   

  1. 1天津医科大学第二医院口腔科，天津市  300211；2天津医科大学肿瘤医院介入治疗肿瘤科，国家临床医学研究中心，天津市肿瘤防治重点实验室，天津市  300060；3亚稳材料制备技术与科学国家重点实验室(燕山大学)，河北省秦皇岛市   066004
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-23 接受日期:2022-05-14 出版日期:2023-04-28 发布日期:2022-07-30
  • 通讯作者: 高炜，博士，副主任医师，天津医科大学肿瘤医院介入治疗肿瘤科，国家临床医学研究中心，天津市肿瘤防治重点实验室，天津市 300060；亚稳材料制备技术与科学国家重点实验室(燕山大学)，河北省秦皇岛市 066004
  • 作者简介:王月升，男，1981年生，天津市人，汉族，2012年天津医科大学毕业，硕士，主治医师，主要从事牙周疾病的治疗以及口腔材料的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    燕山大学亚稳材料制备技术与科学重点实验室开放课题(202101)，项目负责人：高炜；河北省自然科学基金(C2021202002)，项目参与人：高炜

Surface treatment of dental implant materials and their antibacterial and osteoinductive ability

Wang Yuesheng1, Gao Wei2, 3, Peng Cheng1   

  1. 1Department of Stomatology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China; 2Department of Interventional Therapy, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China; 3State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2021-11-23 Accepted:2022-05-14 Online:2023-04-28 Published:2022-07-30
  • Contact: Gao Wei, MD, Associate chief physician, Department of Interventional Therapy, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China; State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Wang Yuesheng, Master, Attending physician, Department of Stomatology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
  • Supported by:
    Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology of Yanshan University, Grant No. 202101 (to GW); Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, Grant No. C2021202002 (to GW)

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摘要：

文题释义：
牙种植体：通过外科手术的方式将其植入人体缺牙部位的上下颌骨内，待手术伤口愈合后，在其上部安装修复假牙的装置。种植牙的核心关键在于种植体部分，种植体部分相当于真牙的牙根，对于整个牙齿的固定起到了至关重要的作用。
生物相容性：指生命体组织对非活性材料产生反应的一种性能，一般是指材料与宿主之间的相容性。生物材料植入人体后，对特定的生物组织环境产生影响和作用，生物组织对生物材料也会产生影响和作用，两者的循环作用一直持续，直到达到平衡或者植入材料被去除。

背景：种植体材料应具备良好的生物相容性、耐腐蚀性、耐磨性以及优良的力学性能。目前常用的种植体材料主要有金属及其合金、陶瓷、高分子聚合物等。因口腔内复杂的组织微环境，以及患者自身的饮食和卫生习惯，口腔内细菌滋生而引起的种植体周围炎也是导致种植体失败的重要因素。越来越多的研究者探究种植体表面的处理方法以及抗菌涂层，以期材料具有更好的诱导成骨能力和抗菌性。
目的：针对种植体的材料、表面处理工艺以及表面涂层类型3个方面进行了归纳总结，以供研究和临床参考。
方法：应用计算机在Web of Science、CNKI中国期刊全文数据库和万方数据库检索涉及牙种植体生物领域的相关研究，检索关键词为“dental implant，dental implants materials，dental implant surface treatment，antibacterial activity”“牙种植体表面处理，牙种植体表面涂层，牙种植体材料，牙种植体骨结合，牙种植体周围炎，抗菌活性”，检索时间为 2011年3月至2021年8月，共检索到1 500篇相关文献，实际纳入67篇。
结果与结论：牙种植体在临床已经得到相对比较广泛的应用和发展。但对于种植体材料而言，纯钛类种植体因其弹性模量过高和引发的炎症问题仍需进行改善；后被研发出的钛合金也存在刺激骨生长的问题；钽及钽基合金因价格昂贵，多以涂层形式出现，在临床应用受到限制；而陶瓷类种植体如氧化锆的远期效果仍需进一步观察和验证，该类种植体脆性大、易断裂；高分子材料弹性模量与骨组织接近，但其强度和成骨活性仍需进一步研究。除此之外，口腔内复杂的微生物环境引起的种植体周围炎也会导致种植体失败。因此，在牙种植体表面进行表面处理和涂层技术，以促进骨形成、骨结合、抗感染等问题是非常有必要的，在今后的研究中，二者联合应用的方式有望成为学者们关注的一大方向。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1309-7078(王月升)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料；口腔生物材料；纳米材料；缓释材料；材料相容性；组织工程

关键词: 牙种植体, 种植体材料, 表面处理工艺, 表面涂层类型, 联合应用, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The implant material is required to show good biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and excellent mechanical properties. At present, the commonly used implant materials mainly include metals and their alloys, ceramics, and high molecular polymers. Peri-implantitis caused by the growth of bacteria in the oral cavity due to the complex environment in the oral cavity, as well as the patient’s own diet and hygiene habits, is the important factor leading to the failure of the implant. More and more researchers are exploring the surface treatment and antibacterial coatings methods of the implant surface, providing osteoinductive and antibacterial properties.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the three aspects of implant materials, surface treatment technology and surface coating types for research and clinical reference.
METHODS: Online search of Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang databases was performed to retrieve studies regarding dental implant in the biological field published between March 2011 and August 2021. The English search terms were “dental implant, dental implants materials, dental implant surface treatment, antibacterial activity”. The Chinese search terms were “surface treatment, surface coating, dental implants materials, dental implant osseointegration, peri-implantitis, antibacterial activity”. Totally 1 500 articles were retrieved. Among them, 67 articles were included. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Dental implants have been widely used and developed in the clinic. As far as the implant materials are concerned, pure titanium implants still need to be improved due to their high elastic modulus and inflammation caused by them. The following developed titanium alloys also have the problem of stimulating bone growth. Tantalum and tantalum-based alloys are expensive and mostly appear in the form of coatings, which limits their clinical application. The long-term effect of ceramic implants such as zirconia still needs further observation and verification, which are brittle and easy to break. The elastic modulus of polymer materials is close to that of bone tissue, but its strength and osteogenic activity still need to be further studied. In addition, the peri-implant inflammation caused by the complex environment in the oral cavity can also lead to implant failure. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out surface treatment and coating techniques on the surface of dental implants to promote bone formation, osseointegration and anti-infection. The application of their combination may become a major direction in future research.

Key words: dental implant, implant material, surface treatment technology, surface coating method, combined application, review

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