中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (27): 4293-4299.doi: 10.12307/2022.858

• 组织工程骨材料Tissue-engineered bone • 上一篇    下一篇

负载木通皂苷D的纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖支架修复骨缺损

贠  霄,丁  童,杨卫强,郭新军   

  1. 新乡市中心医院骨科,河南省新乡市  453000
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-10 接受日期:2021-06-05 出版日期:2022-09-28 发布日期:2022-03-10
  • 通讯作者: 郭新军,主任医师,新乡市中心医院骨科,河南省新乡市 453000
  • 作者简介:贠霄,男,1986年生,河南省新乡市人,汉族,主治医师,硕士,主要从事骨科研究。

Nano hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffold loaded with Akebia saponin D in bone defect repair

Yun Xiao, Ding Tong, Yang Weiqiang, Guo Xinjun   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2021-04-10 Accepted:2021-06-05 Online:2022-09-28 Published:2022-03-10
  • Contact: Guo Xinjun, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Yun Xiao, Attending physician, Master, Department of Orthopedics, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
木通皂苷D:又称川续断皂苷IV,是从中药续断中提取出来的苷类化合物,为续断的主要活性成分之一,具有较明确的药理活性,具有促进成骨细胞的增殖与分化、提高成骨细胞活性与数量、促进基质钙化与骨痂生长等诸多作用,主要被用于治疗骨质疏松与促进骨折愈合,具有高效、廉价、毒副作用小等优点。同时,木通皂苷D还具有抗细胞凋亡、神经保护及心肌保护等药理作用。
壳聚糖:是甲壳素经脱乙酰化而成的产物,为自然界唯一的碱性多糖,具有抗菌及调节免疫等活性,可通过壳聚糖酶和氨基葡萄糖苷酶降解为葡萄糖,具有与细胞外基质相似的特征及良好的生物相容性、生物降解性、低毒性,使其在骨组织工程材料中备受关注,然而其存在机械性能弱和降解过快的缺点。因此,通常将壳聚糖与纳米羟基磷灰石复合制备支架材料,以增加其机械性能。

背景:木通皂苷D具有促进成骨细胞的增殖与分化、提高成骨细胞活性与数量、促进基质钙化与骨痂生长等诸多作用,主要被用于治疗骨质疏松与促进骨折愈合,将其应用于骨缺损修复的研究较少见。
目的:以纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖支架为载体,将包裹木通皂苷D的缓释微球负载于其中,观察其骨缺损修复作用。
方法:采用W/O/W方法制作包裹木通皂苷D的缓释微球,采用冷冻干燥方法制备负载包裹木通皂苷D缓释微球的纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖支架(以下简称缓释支架)与单纯的纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖支架(以下简称空白支架),检测缓释微球与缓释支架的体外释药能力。将小鼠来源前成骨细胞MC3T3-E1分别接种于两种支架上,以单独培养的细胞为对照,分析细胞的黏附、增殖与分化情况。在24只成年新西兰大白兔双侧桡骨中段制造1.5 cm的骨缺损,分别植入空白支架与缓释支架,术后4,12周时进行大体观察、Micro-CT扫描影像学检查及组织学观察。
结果与结论:①包裹木通皂苷D的缓释微球与缓释支架均具有缓释作用,其中缓释支架的药物释放速率更加平稳、持久;②CCK-8实验显示,缓释支架上的细胞增殖速率快于空白支架、对照组(P < 0.05);扫描电镜下可见,小鼠来源前成骨细胞MC3T3-E1覆盖在两组支架表面,其中缓释支架上的细胞数量要多于空白支架;③培养7,14 d时,缓释支架组的碱性磷酸酶活性、Runx2 mRNA表达高于空白支架组(P < 0.05);培养第21天时,缓释支架组的骨桥蛋白、骨钙素蛋白表达量高于空白支架组(P < 0.05);④影像学检查与组织学观察结果显示,术后4周时,缓释支架组材料周围可见大量的新生骨,其新生骨量明显多于空白支架组;术后12周时,缓释支架内部也可见大量的新生骨长入,空白支架内部仅见少量的新生骨长入,并且缓释支架组的材料残余明显少于空白支架组(P < 0.05);⑤结果表明,负载木通皂苷D缓释微球的纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖支架可提升体外成骨细胞的黏附、增殖与分化能力,提升纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖支架的体内骨诱导能力。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7832-3446 (贠霄) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料口腔生物材料纳米材料缓释材料材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 木通皂苷D, 纳米羟基磷灰石, 壳聚糖, 支架, 骨生物材料, 骨缺损修复, 骨组织工程

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Akebia saponin D can promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, increase the activity and quantity of osteoblasts, and promote matrix calcification and callus growth. Akebia saponin D is mainly used to treat osteoporosis and promote fracture healing, and its application in bone defect repair is rare. 
OBJECTIVE: To observe bone defects repaired by loading the sustained-release microspheres containing Akebia saponin D onto the nano hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffold. 
METHODS: The sustained-release microspheres containing Akebia saponin D were prepared by W/O/W method. The nano hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffold of sustained-release microspheres containing Akebia saponin D (hereinafter referred to as the sustained-release scaffold) and the simple nano hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffold (hereinafter referred to as blank scaffold) were prepared by freeze drying method to evaluate the in vitro drug release ability of sustained-release microspheres and the scaffold. Mouse-derived preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 was seeded on two kinds of scaffolds to analyze cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Individually cultured cells were used as controls. A 1.5-cm bone defect was made in the middle of bilateral radius of 24 adult New Zealand white rabbits. Blank scaffold and sustained-release scaffold were implanted, separately. Gross observation, Micro-CT imaging examination, and histological observation were performed at 4 and 12 weeks after operation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Both the sustained-release microspheres and sustained-release scaffolds containing Akebia saponin D had sustained-release effects. The drug release rate of sustained-release scaffold was more stable and lasting. (2) CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the cell proliferation rate on the sustained-release scaffold was significantly faster than that on the blank scaffold and control groups (P < 0.05). Under the scanning electron microscope, mouse-derived preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 was covered on the scaffolds of the two groups, and the number of cells on the sustained-release scaffolds was more than that on the blank scaffolds. (3) At 7 and 14 days of culture, alkaline phosphatase activity and Runx2 mRNA expression were higher in the sustained-release scaffold group than those in the blank scaffold group (P < 0.05). At 21 days of culture, osteopontin and osteocalcin expression levels in the sustained-release scaffold group were higher than those in the blank scaffold group (P < 0.05). (4) The results of imaging and histological observation showed that at 4 weeks after operation, a large number of new bone were found around the materials in the sustained-release scaffold group, and the new bone mass was significantly higher than that of the blank scaffold group. At 12 weeks after operation, a large number of new bones grew in the sustained-release scaffold, while only a small amount of new bones was found in the blank scaffold, and the material residue in the sustained-release scaffold group was significantly lower than that of the blank scaffold group (P < 0.05). (5) These results verify that nano hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffold of sustained-release microspheres containing Akebia saponin D can enhance the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro, and promote the osteoinductive ability of nano hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffold in vivo.

Key words: Akebia saponin D, nano hydroxyapatite, chitosan, scaffold, bone biomaterials, bone defect repair, bone tissue engineering

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