中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (22): 3586-3591.doi: 10.12307/2022.289

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

骨修复材料治疗跟骨骨折的理论研究与技术应用

田  冲,高  博,于鸿伟,王  培   

  1. 承德医学院附属医院手足外科,河北省承德市  067000
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-11 修回日期:2021-02-05 接受日期:2021-06-10 出版日期:2022-08-08 发布日期:2022-01-13
  • 通讯作者: 王培,硕士,主任医师,承德医学院附属医院手足外科,河北省承德市 067000
  • 作者简介:田冲,男,1992年生,河北省衡水市人,汉族,承德医学院在读硕士,主要从事手足显微外科、周围神经损伤修复的研究。

Theoretical research and technical application of bone repair materials in the treatment of calcaneal fractures

Tian Chong, Gao Bo, Yu Hongwei, Wang Pei   

  1. Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2020-11-11 Revised:2021-02-05 Accepted:2021-06-10 Online:2022-08-08 Published:2022-01-13
  • Contact: Wang Pei, Master, Chief physician, Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Tian Chong, Master candidate, Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
骨修复材料:是一类由人工合成、具有多种优良理化特性(能自固化成型、机械强度高、使用方便等)和生物学特性(无毒副作用、可以吸收和降解、生物相容性好、能诱导骨细胞和血管生长等)的新型骨修复材料,包括同种异体骨、磷酸钙、硫酸钙,以及含有骨形态发生蛋白、富含血小板的血浆、骨髓抽吸浓缩液的骨材料。骨修复材料具有传统骨修复材料无可比拟的生物学性能,具有广阔的应用前景。
跟骨骨折:是最常见的跗骨骨折,占跗骨骨折的60%,占全身骨折的2%,多见于30-50岁年轻工作人群,男女比例约为5∶1,约7%为双侧骨折,98%为闭合性骨折,在成年人中约75%为关节内骨折。由于跟骨大部分由松质骨构成且密度不均,以外、内、下部相对稀疏,因此在关节面负重过大时可造成塌陷性骨折,导致跟骨骨缺损。

背景:随着医学生物技术的发展,出现了各种人造骨替代物,为未来临床治疗跟骨骨折提供更加广阔的前景。
目的:对不同骨修复材料治疗跟骨骨折的方法和进展进行归纳总结。
方法:由第一作者运用计算机检索CNKI数据库和PubMed数据库。在标题和摘要中以“跟骨骨折、自体骨、同种异体骨、人工骨”或“Calcaneus fracture,Autologous bone,Allogenic bone,Artificial bone”为检索词进行检索。选择文章与检索关键词材料学特点、生物相容性及其应用效果相关,同一领域文献则选择近期发表或发表在权威杂志的文章。
结果与结论:自体骨是临床修复骨缺损的首选材料,但存在供应量有限、供区并发症、造成二次创伤等问题,后来采用同种异体骨、磷酸钙、硫酸钙并加用克氏针、钢板、空心螺钉等内固定材料取得了较为满意的疗效;随着生物技术的发展,在前人工作的基础上,含有骨形态发生蛋白、富含血小板的血浆、骨髓抽吸浓缩液的骨材料开始应用于临床,取得了令人满意的疗效。目前运用在跟骨骨折不愈合的植骨材料均可取得较为满意的疗效,应用骨形态发生蛋白、富含血小板血浆、骨髓抽吸浓缩液辅助治疗可取得更加良好的疗效,同时随着生物技术的发展,各种新型复合植骨材料会成为未来治疗骨不愈合的主流。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2859-9858(田冲) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料口腔生物材料纳米材料缓释材料材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 跟骨, 跟骨骨折, 骨折不愈合, 植入材料, 内固定材料, 自体骨, 同种异体骨, 人工骨

Abstract: BACKGROUND: With the development of medical biotechnology, various artificial bone substitutes have appeared, providing a broader prospect for the future clinical treatment of calcaneal fractures.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the methods and progress of different bone repair materials in the treatment of calcaneal fractures.
METHODS: The first author used computer to search CNKI database and PubMed database. Search terms were “calcaneus fracture, autologous bone, allogenic bone, artificial bone” in Chinese and English used in the title and abstract. The articles related to the material characteristics, biocompatibility and application effects of the search terms were selected, and the articles in the same field recently or published in authoritative journals were selected. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:  Autologous bone is the first choice for clinical repair of bone defects, but there are problems such as limited supply, donor site complications, and secondary trauma. Later, allogenic bone, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, and Kirschner wire, steel plate, and hollow screws as internal fixation materials have achieved satisfactory results. With the development of biotechnology, on the basis of previous work, bone materials containing bone morphogenetic protein, platelet-rich plasma, and bone marrow aspiration concentrate have been applied in clinical practice, and satisfactory results have been achieved. At present, the bone graft materials used in the nonunion of calcaneal fractures can achieve relatively satisfactory results. The application of bone morphogenetic protein, platelet-rich plasma, and bone marrow aspiration concentrate can achieve better results. Simultaneously, with the development of biotechnology, various new composite bone graft materials will become the mainstream for the treatment of bone nonunion in the future.

Key words: calcaneus, calcaneus fracture, fracture nonunion, implant material, internal fixation material, autologous bone, allogenic bone, artificial bone

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