中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (6): 838-842.doi: 10.12307/2022.162

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

两种方式固定Sanders Ⅱ型跟骨骨折后的力学稳定性

温明韬1,梁学振1,李嘉程1,许  波1,2,李  刚 1,2   

  1. 1山东中医药大学,山东省济南市   250355; 2山东中医药大学附属医院显微骨科,山东省济南市   250014
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-26 修回日期:2021-04-28 接受日期:2021-06-03 出版日期:2022-02-28 发布日期:2021-12-07
  • 通讯作者: 李刚,博士,教授,博士生导师,山东中医药大学,山东省济南市 250355;山东中医药大学附属医院显微骨科,山东省济南市 250014
  • 作者简介:温明韬,男,1995年生,山东省聊城市人,在读硕士,主要从事骨与关节创伤的基础与临床研究。
  • 基金资助:
    济南市科技计划项目(201907008),项目负责人:李刚

Mechanical stability of Sanders II type calcaneal fractures fixed by two internal fixation methods

Wen Mingtao1, Liang Xuezhen1, Li Jiacheng1, Xu Bo1, 2, Li Gang1, 2   

  1. 1Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong Province, China; 2Department of Microscopic Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2021-04-26 Revised:2021-04-28 Accepted:2021-06-03 Online:2022-02-28 Published:2021-12-07
  • Contact: Li Gang, MD, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong Province, China; Department of Microscopic Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Wen Mingtao, Master candidate, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Science and Technology Plan Project of Jinan, No. 201907008 (to LG)

摘要:

文题释义:
有限元分析:运用数学近似的方法对真实物理系统进行模拟。通过计算机运算模拟将载荷、形态、材料结构和力学性能较为复杂的整体划分为有限个简单的单元,进而充分反映整体内外部应力、应变、位移等力学参数的变化。
跟骨骨折Sanders分型:跟骨骨折以足跟部剧烈疼痛、肿胀和瘀斑明显、足跟不能着地行走及跟骨压痛为主要表现。Sanders分型基于CT冠状位扫描图像,在CT冠状位上选择跟骨后距关节面最宽处由外向内分为3份,分别代表骨折线的位置。

背景:对于Sanders Ⅱ型跟骨骨折,锁定钢板内固定的“L型”切口易发生皮瓣坏死等并发症,而撬拨复位后空心螺钉内固定可以很好地避免此问题,但仍然缺乏内固定效果的评价。
目的:基于有限元分析方法,比较研究Sanders Ⅱ型跟骨骨折2种固定方式的固定效果与力学稳定性。
方法:筛选1名男性志愿者(25岁,身高175 cm,体质量75 kg),应用断层CT对胫骨中段至全足行全层连续扫描。通过CT扫描数据,建立完整跟骨的三维有限元分析模型。模拟Sanders Ⅱ型跟骨骨折,分别行锁定钢板固定(锁定钢板组)及撬拨复位后空心螺钉加压固定(空心螺钉组)。对两组模型施加相同约束与载荷下比较2种固定方式的应力分布、位移情况及骨折块位移表现。
结果与结论:①空心螺钉内固定的应力集中于骨折线接触附近,最大Von Mises应力达53.948 MPa,横向空心螺钉相较纵向螺钉位移较大,最大位移达0.175 37 mm;锁定钢板内固定应力与位移均集中于钢板中部螺钉孔附近,其最大Von Mises应力达129.95 MPa;骨折线位移空心螺钉组(0.015 77 mm)小于锁定钢板组(0.021 03 mm);②两组内固定的最大应力均低于材料的屈服强度;③两组跟骨模型在距下关节附近发生最大位移;④结果表明,空心螺钉与锁定钢板内固定用于治疗Sanders Ⅱ型跟骨骨折均具有良好的稳定性,且撬拨复位空心螺钉内固定具有减少术后并发症发生等优点,是Sanders Ⅱ型跟骨骨折较为推荐的内固定方式。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1654-2264 (温明韬)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 跟骨骨折, Sanders II型骨折, 骨折内固定, 有限元分析, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: For Sanders type ii calcaneal fractures, the “L-shaped” incision with locking plate internal fixation often causes complications such as necrosis of the surgical incision flap. The internal fixation with hollow screws after prying and resetting can well avoid this problem, but there is still a lack of evaluation of the effect of internal fixation.  
OBJECTIVE: To compare and study the fixation effect and mechanical stability of the two fixation methods for Sanders II type calcaneal fractures based on the finite element analysis method.
METHODS:  One male volunteer (25 years old, height 175 cm, weight 75 kg) was screened, and a full-thickness continuous scan was performed from the middle part of the tibia to the whole foot by tomographic CT scan. Based on CT scan data, a complete three-dimensional finite element analysis model of the calcaneus was established. The Sanders II type calcaneal fracture was simulated, and locking plate fixation (locking plate group) and hollow screw compression fixation (hollow screw group) were performed after prying reduction. The stress distribution, displacement and fracture displacement performance of the two fixation methods were compared under the same constraints and loads on the two sets of models.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The stress of hollow screw internal fixation was concentrated near the fracture line contact, and maximum Von Mises stress reached 53.948 MPa. The displacement of the horizontal hollow screw was larger than that of the longitudinal screw, and the maximum displacement was up to 0.175 37 mm. The fixed stress and displacement of the locking steel plate were concentrated near the screw hole in the middle of the steel plate. The maximum Von Mises stress reached 129.95 MPa. The fracture line displacement of the hollow screw group (0.015 77 mm) was smaller than that of the locking plate group (0.021 03 mm). (2) The maximum stress of the two sets of internal fixation was lower than the yield strength of the material. (3) The two groups of calcaneal models had the largest displacement near the subtalar joint. (4) It is concluded that hollow screws and locking plate internal fixation for the treatment of Sanders II type calcaneal fractures have good stability. Pry reduction hollow screw internal fixation has the advantages of reducing postoperative complications. It is the recommended method of internal fixation for Sanders II type calcaneal fractures.

Key words: calcaneal fracture, Sanders type II fracture, internal fracture fixation, finite element analysis, biomechanics

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