中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (24): 3826-3827.doi: 10.12307/2021.087

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

胫骨平台后外侧柱骨折扩大外侧入路内固定增强力学稳定性及膝关节功能

林  旺,王盈盈,郭卫中,袁翠华,许胜贵,张申申,林成寿   

  1. 福建医科大学附属闽东医院,福建省福安市   355000
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-14 修回日期:2020-09-16 接受日期:2020-10-24 出版日期:2021-08-28 发布日期:2021-03-08
  • 通讯作者: 袁翠华,博士,副主任医师,福建医科大学附属闽东医院,福建省福安市 355000
  • 作者简介:林旺,男,1978年生,福建省福安市人,汉族,2009年福建医科大学毕业,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事创伤骨科方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2012J01438) ,项目负责人:林成寿

Adopting expanded lateral approach to enhance the mechanical stability and knee function for treating posterolateral column fracture of tibial plateau 

Lin Wang, Wang Yingying, Guo Weizhong, Yuan Cuihua, Xu Shenggui, Zhang Shenshen, Lin Chengshou   

  1. Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan 355000, Fujian Province, China
  • Received:2020-09-14 Revised:2020-09-16 Accepted:2020-10-24 Online:2021-08-28 Published:2021-03-08
  • Contact: Yuan Cuihua, MD, Associate chief physician, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan 355000, Fujian Province, China
  • About author:Lin Wang, Master, Associate chief physician, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan 355000, Fujian Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, No. 2012J01438 (to LCT)

摘要:

文题释义:
胫骨平台骨折:是指胫骨髁上端与股骨髁关节面相对应的平滑骨面发生骨折。按照HOHL(1991年)的统计,胫骨平台骨折占所有骨折的1%,占老年人骨折的8%。多为关节内骨折涉及负重关节面,还可合并半月板及关节韧带损伤。
罗从风三柱分类法:由上海第六人民医院罗从风教授创立,基于CT检查,在CT水平面上从胫骨结节、腓骨头前缘和胫骨平台内侧嵴各向胫骨嵴间中点做一连线,将胫骨平台分为内侧柱、外侧柱和后侧柱,后侧柱又可分为后内侧柱和后外侧柱,将柱的骨折定义为累及胫骨近端骨皮质的关节面骨折。

背景:胫骨平台后外侧柱骨折是创伤骨科的难点,手术入路的选择是治疗的关键步骤之一,但目前对于入路选择尚无一个被多数学者接受的公认选择标准。
目的:调查胫骨平台后外侧柱骨折的发病特点及发生率,探讨扩大外侧切口在后外侧柱骨折中的应用前景。
方法:通过国际疾病代码从2009年7月至2019年3月福建医科大学附属闽东医院收治的患者病历数据库筛选出胫骨平台骨折手术患者,通过PACS系统回顾性复习患者骨折部位的影像学资料,采用Schatzker法及罗从风三柱法分别对骨折进行分类,后柱分为后内侧柱和后外侧柱,将游离后外侧柱骨折定义为后外侧柱主骨折块与后内侧柱及外侧柱主体不相连。调查后外侧柱骨折的患病特点,采用扩大外侧入路前瞻性治疗其中21例移位游离后外侧柱骨折患者。
结果与结论:①共426例患者入选,427个胫骨平台骨折;涉及后外侧柱骨折有267个,游离后外侧柱126例,外侧柱+平台关节面下4 cm以内的移位游离后外侧柱骨折73例;②采用扩大外侧切口治疗的21例患者均获骨性愈合;③提示扩大外侧入路适用于外侧柱+平台关节面下 4 cm以内的游离移位后外侧柱骨折,可单用于SchatzkerⅡ型骨折,或联合其他切口治疗SchatzkerⅤ,Ⅵ型骨折,该入路适用的患者约占全部平台骨折的17%,具有较好的应用前景。
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4108-2033 (林旺) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 胫骨平台, 后外侧柱, 骨折, 扩大外侧入路, 骨性愈合

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The posterolateral column fracture on tibial plateau is the difficult point of traumatic orthopedics. The choice of operative approach is one of critical steps of treatment. However, nowadays there is not an acknowledged standard of choosing approach to be accepted by most scholars.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics and the incidence rate of posterolateral column fracture on tibial plateau, discuss the application prospect on adopting expanded lateral approach to treat the posterolateral column fracture.
METHODS: The data of the patients with tibial plateau fractures were screened by International Classification of Disease Code from an electronic medical records database of the patients hospitalized in Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University between July 2009 and March 2019. The Picture and Archiving Communication System was used to review the radiographic record on all patients’ tibial plateau fractures. Schatzker classification and three-column classification was respectively used to classify the fracture types. The posterior column was divided into posterolateral and posteromedial column. The “independent posterolateral column fracture” was defined as a fracture whose main fragment disconnected with lateral and posteromedial columns’ main body. The fracture characteristics of the posterolateral column were researched. The expanded lateral approach was adopted to treat 21 cases with displaced independent posterolateral column fractures.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Totally 426 patients were enrolled, including 427 tibial plateau fractures. The posterolateral column fractures were involved in 267 cases and the “independent posterolateral column fractures” were involved in 126 cases. Totally 73 cases had lateral column fracture + displaced independent  posterolateral column fracture within 4 cm under the articular surface on tibial plateau. (2) Twenty-one cases adopted expanded lateral approach obtained bony union. (3) It is concluded that expanded lateral approach suits lateral column + displaced independent  posterolateral column fracture within 4 cm under the articular surface on tibial plateau. It will be singly adopted to treat Schatzker type II fracture or combined medial approach to treat Schatzker type V and VI fractures. The percentage of cases having the indication to adopt expanded lateral approach is about 17% in all tibial plateau fractures. The expanded lateral approach has a good application prospect. 

Key words: tibial plateau, posterolateral column, fracture, expanded lateral approach, bone healing

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