中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (11): 1767-1773.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1104

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

老年人肌少症的成因、评估及应对

王  坤1，2，罗  炯1，2，刘  立1，2，欧阳一毅1，2   

  1.  (1西南大学体育学院，国家体育总局体质评价与运动机能监控重点实验室，重庆市  400715；2西南大学运动康复研究所，重庆市  400715)
  • 收稿日期:2018-10-07 出版日期:2019-04-18 发布日期:2021-04-28
  • 通讯作者: 罗炯，博士，教授，西南大学体育学院，国家体育总局体质评价与运动机能监控重点实验室，重庆市 400715；西南大学运动康复研究所，重庆市 400715
  • 作者简介:王坤，男，1996年生，四川省宜宾市人，汉族，西南大学在读硕士，主要从事运动技术诊断与全民健身研究。
  • 基金资助:

    西南大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(SWU1809221)，项目负责人：刘立

Causes, assessment and treatment strategies of sarcopenia in older adults

Wang Kun1,2,Luo Jiong1,2,Liu Li1,2,Ouyang Yiyi1,2   

  1. (1College of Physical Education, Southwest University, State Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Sports Function Monitoring, Chongqing 400715, China; 2Institute for Sports Rehabilitation of Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China)
  • Received:2018-10-07 Online:2019-04-18 Published:2021-04-28
  • Contact: Luo Jiong, PhD, Professor, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, State Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Sports Function Monitoring, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute for Sports Rehabilitation of Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • About author:Wang Kun, Master candidate, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, State Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Sports Function Monitoring, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute for Sports Rehabilitation of Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • Supported by:

    the Basic Research Fund of the Central University of Southwest University, No. SWU1809221 (to LL)

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摘要：

文章快速阅读：

文题释义：
肌肉减少症：肌肉减少症的定义最早是由Baumgarner等提出的，是以骨骼肌肉质量指数(skeletal muscle index，SMI)作为判别标准，若SMI比年轻族群低于2个标准差，即为肌少症，即伴随骨骼肌质量的流失、及肌力或耐力的下降，以至于产生一些不良的影响，如生活功能下降、生活品质不良，甚至死亡等现象。
肌少症评估方法：欧盟肌少症工作小组(EWGSOP)在2010年建立肌少症评估指标，分别为肌肉量(muscle mass)、肌力(muscle strength)、身体表现(physical performance)3项。国际上关于肌少症的评估与测量方法均在此基础上并根据切点、人种、地区等的不同，进行深化展开。

摘要
背景：老年人肌肉减少症(以下简称“肌少症”)世界范围内发生率显著增高，而中国作为老龄化较为严重的国家之一，对肌少症的认识尚未形成统一的认识。
目的：针对国内外学者有关老年肌少症的研究进行全面综述，进一步揭示其病因机制、不良影响因素及应对策略，为有效预防、缓解及治疗肌少症提供理论及实践参考。
方法：搜寻截止至2018年5月，包括Elsevier SDOL、PubMed、Ovid Medline以及CNKI中文资料总库的文献数据库，检索有关肌肉减少症、老龄化等中英文文献，并根据研究需要确立相应的入选标准，对最终所得文献进行筛选。
结果与结论：①肌少症作为一种慢性增龄疾病，其盛行率与人口老龄化密切相关，尽管其发病机制复杂多样，但年龄增长、身体活动量不足、营养缺乏、激素分泌及疾病困扰等皆是其诱发因素；②肌少症易引发老年人心血管疾病、代谢症候群等慢性疾病，并降低老年人生活舒适度，使其正常生理活动受阻，甚至引起残疾或死亡；③评估肌少症的方法常以欧盟肌少症工作小组(EWGSOP)与亚太肌少症事物委员会(AWGS)的切点标准为参考，从肌肉量、肌力、生理表现3方面进行测量，其中亚太肌少症事物委员会方法更贴近亚洲人的肌肉构造特点；④目前未发现有药物能根治老年肌少症，较好的治疗法是通过身体运动增强老年人肌肉量、肌力及肌功能作用，以抗阻性运动训练结合有氧运动训练达到降低老年肌少症的发生率；而蛋白质、维生素D等营养物质的有效摄入，对缓解老年人肌肉量、肌力及肌功能的流失至关重要。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0001-9962-9906(王坤)

关键词: 老年肌少症, 人口老龄化, 发病机制, 身体活动量, 生活舒适度, 切点, 评估方法, 抗阻性训练, 组织构建

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: With the development of the aging trend of the population, the incidence of sarcopenia in older adults has obviously increased all over the world. As one of the countries with more serious aging, a unified understanding of sarcopenia has not yet formed in China.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the research on senile sarcopenia by domestic and foreign scholars, and to further reveal its etiological mechanism, adverse influential factors and treatment strategies, so as to provide theoretical and practical reference for the effective prevention, mitigation and treatment of sarcopenia.
METHODS: A retrieval of Elsevier SDOL, PubMed, Ovid Medline and CNKI databases was conducted for the literature regarding sarcopenia and aging published before May, 2018. The literature screen was performed based on inclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The prevalence of sarcopenia, as a chronic age-related disease, is closely related to the aging of population. Although its pathogenesis is complex, aging, lack of physical activity, nutrition deficiency, hormone secretion and disease are the inducing factors of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia may lead to cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome in the older adults, and reduce the living comfort, hindering the normal physiological activities and even resulting in disability or death. Sarcopenia is often evaluated using the standard of European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People and Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia from the perspectives of muscle volume, muscle strength and physiological performance. The evaluation method of Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia is more suitable for the structural characteristics of Asian muscles. There is no drug that can be used to cure senile sarcopenia. The better treatment method is to enhance the muscle volume, muscle strength and muscle function of the older adults through physical exercise, with resistance exercise combined with aerobic exercise to reduce the incidence of senile sarcopenia. While the intake of protein and vitamin D is critical for reducing the loss of muscle and activating muscle strength and function of older adults.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程

Key words: Sarcopenia, Aging Factors, Physical Education and Training, Tissue Engineering

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