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14 May 2010, Volume 14 Issue 20 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha in cartilage during limb ischemia-reperfusion injury Jiang Qing, Hu Yi-he, Wei Li-cheng 2010, 14 (20):  3611-3614.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.001 Abstract ( 244 )   PDF (523KB) ( 449 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies of limb ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury was developed relatively later, and most of these focused on soft tissues such as skeletal muscle and nerves. The damage of articular cartilage during limb IR injury is rarely reported both in China and abroad. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in articular cartilage at different time points of limbs IR injury. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into the sham-operated, ischemia 6 h, and IR groups (1, 3, 7, 14, 30, and 60 d). Rats were established for limb IR models. The grouped rats were killed at each time point, respectively. The articular cartilages were excised from the medial of the left keen joints. The pathological changes of articular cartilage were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the expression of TNF-α was detected by immunohistochemistry.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under light microscope, cartilage cells lightly swelled at 7 days after reperfusion and got worse with time prolonged. In the sham-operated group, positive TNF-α was weak expressed and increased in the ischemia 6 h group, peaked in the IR 3 d, 7 d groups and then began to decrease. There were significant differences between the IR 60 d group and the sham-operated group (P < 0.05). All results demonstrated that limb IR injury could cause the injury of articular cartilage. Increasing TNF-α played an important role in the articular cartilage after limb IR injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on proliferation and differentiation of precartilaginous stem cells into mature chondrocytes: Whether do the effects correlate with the activity of Ihh-PTHrp signal pathway? Ding Ran, You Hong-bo, Li Feng, Sun Kai 2010, 14 (20):  3615-3619.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.002 Abstract ( 272 )   PDF (400KB) ( 492 )   Save BACKGROUND: Our early study has found that the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) can promote the proliferation of the precartilaginous stem cells (PSCs). However, the mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of PEMF on proliferation and differentiation of PSCs, and to explore the effect on activity of Ihh-PTHrP signal pathway. METHODS: PSCs were obtained and purified using the method of magnetic-activated cell sorting, and the cells were then exposed in PEMF (1 mT, 50 MHz) for 30 minutes twice a day and the cells were continued to stimulate for 2, 4 and 6 days. Control group did not receive the stimulation of PEMF. Gene expression levels of type II collagen and aggrecan were detected by the method of RT-PCR and protein expression levels of Ihh and PTHrp were detected using Western blot method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of RT-PCR showed that with the time prolonging, the gene expression levels of type II collagen and aggrecan were increased. Comparing with the control group, aggrecan of cartilage stem cells were significantly increased before PEMF (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Western blot indicated that protein expression levels of Ihh and PTHrp were increased with the time prolonging of PEMF stimulation, while Ihh protein expression in PEMF group was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.01). Additionally, PTHrp expression was also increased, but there was significant difference between PEMF and control group at days 4 and 6 after PEMF stimulation (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). This suggested that PEMF (1 mT, 50 MHz) could promote proliferation and differentiation from PSCs into mature chondrocytes, and the mechanism of this effect could probably correlate with the changes of Ihh-PTHrP signal pathway. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of nivalenol on aggrecan synthesis of cultured chondrocytes Cao Pei-hua, Cao Jun-ling, Chen Jing-hong, Yang Ya-juan 2010, 14 (20):  3620-3624.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.003 Abstract ( 264 )   PDF (447KB) ( 455 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nivalenol (NIV) toxin is one of the mycotoxins, which is supposed to probably contribute to the classical features of Kashin-beck disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of NIV on the expression of aggrecan in the cultured chondrocytes. METHODS: Human chondrocytes cultured in vitro were treated with NIV at different concentrations for varied time periods (1-    5 days), and the cell viability was measured by MTT assay. DNA content was determined by UV Spectrophotometry. Aggrecan mRNA expression was studied by semiquantitative RT-PCR. The protein expression of aggrecan was examined by using Western blot analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: NIV at a dose of 0.025 mg/L could stimulate chondrocytes growth in a tendency of increasing followed by decreasing. The chondrocytes viability was initially increased when treated with NIV, which would be suppressed by toxin when treated with NIV at a dose of 0.05-0.1 mg/L. When treated with more than 0.2 mg/L NIV, the chondrocytes viability was obviously decreased with concentration increasing and time prolonging. The NIV with concentration of 0.1-0.5 mg/L inhibited aggrecan synthesis and reduced its mRNA expression. The results demonstrated that NIV significantly decrease aggrecan synthesis in the chondrocytes and reduced its mRNA expression. NIV could inhibit chondrocyte proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Autologous periosteum wrapping tendon combined with basic fibroblast growth factor as substitute for the lunate bone   Meng Zhao, Tian Li-jun, Shao Xin-zhong 2010, 14 (20):  3625-3628.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.004 Abstract ( 312 )   PDF (450KB) ( 341 )   Save BACKGROUND: The silica gel prosthesis and os lenticulare were widely used as substitute for lunar bone, which can result in complications, such as periostitis, bone resorption as well as carpal bone collapse. OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of autologous periosteum wrapping tendon combined with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as substitute for the lunate bone in treatment of aseptic necrosis. METHODS: Totally 45 healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: periostum wrapping tendon group, periostum wrapping tendon combined with bFGF group and tendon group, with 15 animals in each group. The implants were prepared by autologous periosteum of tibia wrapping partial patellar tendon combined with bFGF. The three sorts of implants were placed into articular cavity of the knee in rabbits, respectively. The changes of bone formation were examined and bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 16 weeks after surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was some cartilage and bony forming in bFGF composite group than in the periostum wrapping tendon group at 3 weeks after operation, and reached normal bone hardness at 12 weeks. There was only hyaline degeneration and no bone formation in the control group. The bone mineral density of the periostum wrapping tendon group was greater than that of the other two groups (P < 0.01). These results demonstrated that the bFGF composite, under the induction of periosteum and bFGF factors, is of stronger bone-forming effects and can produce much cartilage and some bone in a short time. It can be used as the substitute for the lunate bone. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of sequential application of estrogen and simvastatin therapy on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats Ma Qing-fen, Yao Zhen-wei, Shan Ti-xin 2010, 14 (20):  3629-3632.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.005 Abstract ( 295 )   PDF (434KB) ( 440 )   Save BACKGROUND: Frost founded the theory of bone remodeling intervention, named sequential application, which administrate a promoting bone drug followed by an inhibitor of bone resorption. OBJECTIVE: According to the bone remodeling intervention theory, to investigate the effects of sequential application of estrogne and simvastatin on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Totally 40 SD male rats with 3-month-old were randomly divided into ovariectomized group and normal control group. In the ovariectomized group, double ovaries of rats were removed. In the normal control group, only the hypogastrium skins of rats were exposed. At 1 month after operation, the ovariectomized group were randomly allocated into sequential estradiol benzoate and simvastatin (sequential group), estrogen group and ovariectomized control group, and received medicine intervention as follows: coherent group: subcutaneous injected estradiol benzoate (0.1 mg/kg) per triduum for 2 weeks, followed by intragastric administrated simvastatin (5 mg/kg per day) for 2 weeks, the medication was removed for 5 weeks, and then intragastric administrated simvastatin (5 mg/kg per day) for 2 weeks; estrogen group: subcutaneous injected estradiol benzoate (0.1 mg/kg) per triduum for 11 weeks; in the ovariectomized control group, rats were given animal feeds only. After 11 weeks, the bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by double X-ray densitometry, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and osteocalcin levels were detected by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The BMD and osteocalcin levels were greater in treated groups than the ovariectomized control group (P < 0.05); especially higher in the sequential group than the estrogen group (P < 0.05). Meantime, the expression of IL-6 in the treated groups were degraded compared to the ovariectomized control group (P < 0.05), which was lower in the sequential group than the estrogen group (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that sequential application of estrogen and simvastatin can prevent osteoporosis by inhibiting bone resorption and improving bone formation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of Smad7 during mandibular alveolar distraction osteogenesis in rabbits Xin Xiao-tao, Li Xi-guang, Bi Xian-feng, Zhang Zhi-chun 2010, 14 (20):  3633-3636.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.006 Abstract ( 261 )   PDF (426KB) ( 328 )   Save BACKGROUND: Some studies have shown that Smad7 can combine and inhibit downstream signals of bone morphogenetic protein receptor, and bone morphogenetic protein can promote the distraction osteogenesis in the process of bone healing, in addition, Smad7 plays an inhibitory effect on cartilage formation. However, the mechanisms of Smad7 in the process of distraction osteogenesis have not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To heighten the alveolar ridge of mandible using implant-distraction apparatus, and to investigate the law of Smad7 in distraction osteogenesis. METHODS: A total of 24 male Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into blank control group (n = 4) and distraction group (n = 20). In addition, the distraction group was divided into 1 day, 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks subgroups, with 4 animals in each group. Distraction osteogenesis was performed on the left mandible of rabbits in the distraction groups with 4 days intervals, and the implant-distraction apparatus was used to increase in rabbit mandibular vertical alveolar ridge. The bone mineral density of mandible was measured at 1 day, 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after operation. The expression and distribution of Smad7 were observed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A sprinkle of Smad7 was expressed in normal mandible tissues. The expression of Smad7 was greater at 1 day after distraction than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The expression of Smad7 was gradually decreased at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after distraction, but remained greater than that of the control group. The difference between the 6 weeks group and the control group had no significance (P > 0.05). The bone mineral density of mandible reached a trough at 1 day after distraction, gradually increased in the 1, 2 and 4 weeks after distraction, which greater than that of the control group (P < 0.01). It is suggesting that the varied expression of Smad7 may promote the new bone formation at early stage of distraction osteogenesis. Related Articles | Metrics

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AAV-hBMP-4 versus AAV-EGFP for osteogenic induction of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro Zhao Xi-chun, Dong Zhi-yong, Zheng Zhao-min, Kuang Guan-ming 2010, 14 (20):  3637-3640.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.007 Abstract ( 301 )   PDF (432KB) ( 335 )   Save BACKGROUND: The releasing speed of human bone morphogenetic protein (hBMP) is not consistent with the new bone formation, thus, it is necessary to adjust the BMP release speed by suitable vector.  OBJECTIVE: To determine osteogenic effects of transfection of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-hBMP-4 and AAV-enhanced green fluorescent proteins (EGFP) on rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro.  METHODS: The BMSCs were cultured using total bone marrow method, and then the cells were transfected with AAV-hBMP-4 and AAV-EGFP, respectively, with 5×104 infection value. After that, the differences of osteogenic effects of 2 groups were compared by observing cell morphological changes, alkali phosphatase staining, Von Kossa staining, alizarin bordeaux staiing and alkali phosphatase content. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The ossification of BMSCs was obviously observed after transfected with AAV-hBMP4, which was identified by alkali phosphatase staining, Von Kossa staining and alizarin bordeaux staining. No similar changes were observed in the AAV-EGFP group. The content of alkali phosphatase was greater in the AAV-hBMP4 group than that of the AAV-EGFP group (P < 0.01). The results demonstrated that AAV-EGFP transfected BMSCs presented notably osteogenic activity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of immediate implant combined with disposal of soft tissues on morphology of peri-implant soft tissues Guo Li-qiang, Zheng Jun, Liu Yi, Xu Jia-sen, Zhao Bao-dong 2010, 14 (20):  3641-3645.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.008 Abstract ( 418 )   PDF (385KB) ( 489 )   Save BACKGROUND: Due to top attached gingival defect, labial slipping mucoperiosteum flaps, free gingival flaps, acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and one-stage surgery of two-stage implants were used after immediate implant to close the soft tissue defect. However, the current study is limited to clinical case report, and relevant research and analysis of animal experimentation is absented. OBJECTIVE: To establish animal models and to explore the influence of labial slipping mucoperiosteum flaps, free gingival flaps, ADM and one-stage surgery of two-stage implants disposals on morphology of peri-implant soft tissues. METHODS: Healthy adult dogs were selected. Their second, fourth premolars of mandibles were extracted, and BLB implants were placed immediately into the sockets of the mesial or distal roots by means of self-comparing. Four groups, including slipping mucoperiosteum flaps, free gingival flaps, ADM, and one-stage surgery were divided according operation. The second stage operation was performed in the former three groups at 3 months later. PFM crowns were fixed in each group 2 weeks later. After making ground section of bone with dental implant, histological observation was researched. Before extraction and after 1 month loaded, the probing depth of gingival groove, indexes of gingiva and width of attached gingiva were measured for statistical analysis in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Soft tissues of each group had good healing. The junctional epithelium, which was similar to the natural periodontal structure, could be seen at the implant-soft tissue interface. The slipping mucoperiosteum flaps group got poor outcomes due to the damage of peri-implant soft tissues. The other disposals could effectively close the wound and had no effects on peri-implant soft tissues. The probing depth had no obviously changed prior to and after operation in all groups, but the gingiva indexes were significantly increased at 1 month after operation (P < 0.05), and the width of attached gingiva of the slipping mucoperiosteum flaps group was dramatically decreased after operation (P < 0.001). The technology of disposal of soft tissue on immediate implants was feasible. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of osteopontin antisense nucleotide on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells Li Hui, Liu Qi-feng, Liu Gui-nan 2010, 14 (20):  3646-3649.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.009 Abstract ( 300 )   PDF (431KB) ( 326 )   Save BACKGROUND: The expression of osteopontin (OPN) is obviously up-regulated in neointimal formation after vessel damage and promotes the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and adventitial cells. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of OPN antisense nucleotide on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells. METHODS: A10 aortic VSMCs of rat were cultured. The effects of OPN antisense nucleotide on proliferation of VSMCs were observed by MTT colorimetric assay. Flow cytometry was performed to track cell cycle progression. RT-PCR was done to detect the effect of VSMCs transfected OPN antisense nucleotide on the antigen expression of proliferated cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: OPN antisense nucleotide significantly inhibited VSMCs proliferation, but the inhibitory rate was decreased with time prolonged. OPN antisense nucleotide blocked VSMCs cycle in G0/G1 phase, and inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs. Compared with the control group, the antigen expression of proliferated cells were decreased obviously in the OPN antisense nucleotide group (P < 0.05). Accordingly, OPN antisense nucleotide can block VSMCs cycle in G0/G1 phase, thus, inhibits the proliferation of VSMCs and suppresses the vascular intima hyperplasia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility of rosiglitazone to improve mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells and reduce vascular oxidative stress in vivo Zhao Qing, Wei Meng, Zhao Bing-hui 2010, 14 (20):  3650-3654.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.010 Abstract ( 270 )   PDF (421KB) ( 323 )   Save BACKGROUND: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) agonists are found to have the ability to mobilize the endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from bone marrow to the peripheral circulation. However, the exact mechanism of its mobilization is not determined. It was found that PPAR-γ agonists have the ability to reduce the oxidative stress in diabetic mice. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether PPAR-γ agonists, i.e., rosiglitazone, can mobilize endothelial progenitor cells via reducing oxidative stress in vivo. MATERIALS: A total of 24 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into normal group, control group, and rosiglitazone group, with 8 rabbits for each group. Control group and rosiglitazone group were fed with high cholesterol diet and underwent carotid injury; rosiglitazone group was intragastrically injected with rosiglitazone (1 mg/kg per day) at 1 day after operation, and the injection lasted for 4 weeks; normal group was fed saline and only underwent cut-off cervical skin. After 4 weeks of treatment, CD34+KDR+ cell number characterized as EPCs was measured by flow cytometry. Nitric oxide (NO) level and superoxide anion (O2.-) were evaluated by Greiss reaction and colorimetry. Endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox mRNA expression were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 24 rabbits were included in the final analysis. Compared with control group, number of EPCs, NO level, clearing ability of superoxide anion, and eNOS mRNA expression were significantly increased in the rosiglitazone group (P < 0.05), which were still lower than normal group (P < 0.05). NADPHp22phox mRNA expression in the rosiglitazone group was significantly lower than control group (P < 0.05) but closed to normal group (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in blood glucose and blood fat. Rosiglitazone could mobilize EPCs in vivo independently by its metabolic effects. The underlying mechanism may be related with a reduction of NADPH oxidase and an increase of eNOS mRNA expression. It may contribute to reduced oxidative stress. Related Articles | Metrics

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Transfection of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells using TrkB-shiRNA plasmid Chen Si-yun, Cao Liang, Li Zhen, Shen Xiao-tao, Zheng Xin, Liang Yong-jia, Cai Dong-qing 2010, 14 (20):  3655-3659.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.011 Abstract ( 358 )   PDF (639KB) ( 464 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that endothelial cells (ECs) in heart and skeletal muscle express brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB). BDNF-TrkB pathway might play an important role in cardiovascular system development, angiogenesis and ischemic limb regeneration. However, the molecular mechanism regarding to BDNF-induced angiogenesis is still unknown. OBJECTIVE: TrkB-shiRNA vector was transfected into cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) to investigate the expression of 3 TrkB isoforms, the growth and cell morphology, in addition, to explore the regulation of TrkB pathway on CMECs. METHODS: TrkB-shiRNA vector was used. The expressions of TrkB isoforms (TrkB-FL, TrkB-T1 and TrkB-T2) in CMECs was analyzed by real-time PCR. The silencing effect of TrkBs in CMECs proliferation was analyzed by cell culture and cell counting. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It was found that the expression of TrkB isoforms, TrkB-FL, TrkB-T1 and TrkB-T2, was decreased at 4 days after CMECs transfected with TrkB-shiRNA vector (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In addition, the proliferation of transfected CMECs was decreased. It demonstrated that transfection of CMECs with TrkB-shiRNA vector was able to decrease expression of TrkB-FL, TrkB-T1 and TrkB-T2 and decrease the proliferation of CMECs. Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro culture of keratinocytes isolated from actinic keratosis Long Ting-feng, He Li, Liu Liu, Shen Li-da, Li Kun-jie, Tu Ying 2010, 14 (20):  3660-3665.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.012 Abstract ( 241 )   PDF (667KB) ( 378 )   Save BACKGROUND: A variety of culture methods about keratinocyte under diseases has been established and developed. However, few studies reported in vitro culture of keratinocytes isolated from actinic keratosis. OBJECTIVE: To culture keratinocytes isolated from actinic keratosis and to identify its biological characteristic in vitro. METHODS: The skin samples were obtained from patients who were admitted in the Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College. Primary keratinocytes were isolated from patients with actinic keratosis and postoperatively skin of old people using two-step digestion technique. Serum-free culture technology was used to culture human keratinocytes. The cells were passaged when reached 70%-80% confluency. Morphological changes and ultrastructure of cells were observed under the microscope and transmission electron microscope. The expression of keratin in keratinocytes were detected by indirect immunofluorescence. In addition, the capacity of migration and tumorigenicity was observed by scratch test and double-soft-agar colony formation rate experiments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The keratinocytes possessed typical epidermal cell characteristics: that is, revealed a typical “paving stone” like under an inverted microscope, showed keratin-positive, and massive bundles of tonofibrilla could be seen in the plasma under a transmission electron microscope. Compared with the control group, nucleolus, heterochromatin and number of mitochondria were increased, number of endoplasmic reticulum was reduced, and the characters of keratinocyte under electron microscope showed more immature in the keratinocytes from actinic keratosis. The growth curve, scratch test, double-soft-agar colony formation rate experiments showed that solar keratosis keratinocytes, compared with elder age, had a stronger proliferation, migration and tumorigenic capacity. All results demonstrated that keratinocyte can keep its origin morphological characteristics during in vitro culture.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of thalidomide on inflammatory factor expression in rats with collagen induced arthritis Liu Xi, Shao Fu-ling, Liu Ai-jing 2010, 14 (20):  3666-3668.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.013 Abstract ( 273 )   PDF (315KB) ( 380 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated that multiple cytokines and inflammatory transmitters participate in pathopoiesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Thalidomide was an immunomodulator which used to treat rheumatoid disease. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of thalidomide on inflammatory arthropathy and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression in a rat model of collagen induced arthritis (CIA). METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. All rats except the normal group were intradermally injected with the emulsion of type II collagen and complete Freund's adjuvant to induce arthritis model. After 10 days, rats of normal group and model group were given an intragastric administration with distilled water, rats of thalidomide group were given an intragastric administration with thalidomide, and rats of methotrexate (MTX) group were given an intragastric administration with MTX. The thickness of the claws and the concentration of TNF-α were measured or detected before and at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 60 days after operation, and the pathological score and radiography of ankle joint were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Thalidomide effectively relieved swelling of ankle joint of CIA rats. On the 28th day, the thickness of the claws of the model group was significantly greater than of thalidomide group (P < 0.05). To compare with model group, the concentration of TNF-α in blood plasma decreased after 14 days in thalidomide group (P < 0.05). The pathological scores of the thalidomide group were significantly less than of model group between 14 and 60 days. The time of osteoclasia in thalidomide group was later than of model group (P < 0.01), and the degree of osteoclasia was milder. There was no significant difference between thalidomide and MTX groups. Thalidomide can effectively lighten disease progression in the CIA rats through influencing TNF-α expression and suppressing synovitis and histoclasia in the joint. Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility of reducing myocardial infarct area using intravenous injection of platelet-derived growth factor plasmid Wang Jian, Yao Yao, Li Dan, Shen Xiao-tao, Zheng Xin, Liu Shao-kun, Liu Juan-juan, Cai Dong-qing 2010, 14 (20):  3669-3673.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.014 Abstract ( 272 )   PDF (673KB) ( 439 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that intramyocardial injection of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its encoded gene vector prior to or immediately after myocardial ischemia is able to decrease myocardial infarcted areas. However, whether intravenous injection of PDGF gene vector after myocardial infarction has the same effect is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of intravenous injection of phPDGF-B plasmid on infarct areas after myocardial infarction. METHODS: Twenty Sprague Dawley rats were prepared for myocardial infarction models and randomly divided into 4 groups. The phPDGF-B plasmid was intravenously injected into the male and female experimental groups at 30 minutes after ligation. In the male, female control groups, the same volume of phosphate buffered saline was injected. The Masson Trichrome staining was performed at 2 weeks after operation, and the infarcted area, the infarcted zone fibrosis and the geometry of left ventricle were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The infarcted areas of the experimental groups were less than that of the control groups at 2 weeks after injection (P < 0.05). Compared with the control groups, a lot of viable cells were found in infarcted zone in the experimental groups. Even though, the area of the fibrosis in the experimental groups was less than control groups, however, the difference had no statistical significance. In addition, the collagen deposition density in the experimental groups was less than control groups. Furthermore, it was found that the wall thickness of border zone in left ventricle of experimental groups was longer than control groups (P < 0.05); while the thickness of infarcted myocardium in left ventricle was greater than that of the control group. All results demonstrated that intravenous delivery of phPDGF-B plasmid had a protective effect on the myocytes of infarcted area, which can decrease the infarction size of ischemic myocardium, improve the reconstruction of left ventricle geometry and reduce the fibrosis of infarcted area after myocardial infarction. This effect has no difference on different genders Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and identification of a recombinant eukaryotic expression vector containing human heat shock protein 70 gene Han Shi-wei, Zhang Yang-de, Wan Xiao-ping, Chen Yu-xiang 2010, 14 (20):  3674-3677.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.015 Abstract ( 401 )   PDF (449KB) ( 370 )   Save BACKGROUND: Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) has attracted widespread attention by domestic and foreign scholars for the role of tumor immunity in recent years. However, the commonly used methods, such as heat stress and ischemic preconditioning, have disadvantages in inducing exogenous recombinant Hsp70 gene expression.  OBJECTIVE: To construct a recombinant eukaryotic expression vector which expresses human HSP70 gene. METHODS: The exogenous Hsp70 gene was connected to eukaryotic expression vector pDC315-EGFP. Then it was transformed to E. coli competent cells. The positive clone was evaluated by gene sequencing and PCR detection and then was transfected to human embryo kidney 293 cells. The exogenous gene expression was tested by fluorescence microscope and Western blot.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:It was confirmed by PCR and sequencing identification analysis that the target gene was cloned correctly to the eukaryotic expression vector. The expression of GFP could be observed by fluorescence microscope and western blot, which indicated that Hsp70 could be efficiently expressed in human embryo kidney 293 cells. Recombinant eukaryotic expression pDC315-EGFP-Hsp70 was constructed successfully Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Zhuangjin Xugu decoction on tibial fracture healing: A verification of core binding factor alpha-1 expression using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction Wang Li, Zheng Su, Yang Feng-yun, Wang Li-hua, Bao Jie-wei 2010, 14 (20):  3678-3681.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.016 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (455KB) ( 415 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous research proved that Chinese herbs could promote bone fracture healing at levels of pathological section, biomechanics, and biochemical test. OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effect of Zhuangjin Xugu decoction recipe on the expression of core binding factor α1 (Cbfα1) during tibial fracture healing. METHODS: The model of closed fracture fixation was induced in marrow of 100 SD male rats aging 3 months, and the rats were then randomly divided into Zhuangjin Xugu decoction recipe group and control group. Rats in the Zhuangjin Xugu decoctiongroup were continued to take Zhuangjin Xugu decoction, 2 mL per administration, twice a day. Rats in the control group were given the same volume of normal saline. Semi-quantitative analysis was used to detect the expression of Cbfα1 of bone tissues in regional fracture in the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks using RT-PCR method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The Cbfα1 mRNA was detected at 2 weeks after bone fracture and gradually increased. The expression in the Zhuangjin Xugu decoctiongroup was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). Zhuangjin Xugu decoction could increase the expression of Cbfα1 during tibial fracture healing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of knee osteoarthritis using steam-wash therapy with Haitongpi decoction: In comparison with Votalin Emulgel   Wu Guang-wen, Zhang Yi, Lin Mu-nan, Hong Kun-da, Wu Ming-xia, Liu Xian-xiang 2010, 14 (20):  3682-3685.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.017 Abstract ( 376 )   PDF (316KB) ( 698 )   Save BACKGROUND: The knee osteoarthritis is caused by the wind, coldness, dampness and evil in joints and meridians. While, steam-wash therapy with Haitongpi decoction has the function of promoting blood flow, spreading out meridian and subsiding intumesce. OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical curative effect of steam-wash therapy with Haitongpi decoction for knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Based on the selection criteria, 110 knee osteoarthritis patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: steam-wash group and control group, 55 cases in each group. Based on the sign and symptom measure scale, the scores were calculated before treatment. And then the patients were treated by Haitongpi decoction steam-wash therapy or Votalin Emulgel. At 1 month after treatment, the changes of clinical symptom, physical sign, pain score, and the differences in side effect, lose and recurrence rate in the 2 groups were compared. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Both treatments were effective in reducing sign and symptom of knee osteoarthritis. The steam-wash group (controlled and remarkable effective rate was 57.45%, and total effective rate was 95.74%) was superior to the control group (controlled and remarkable effective rate was 36.96%, and total effective rate was 78.26%). The pain score was decreased after treatment in both groups (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), especially showed superiority in the steam-wash group (P < 0.01). There cases in the steam-wash group and 2 cases in the control group suffered skin allergic reaction, the reaction was relieved after 1-2 days rest, and the difference had no difference. The recurrence rate of the steam-wash group was lower than that of the control group. All results demonstrated that steam-wash therapy with Haitongpi decoction is effective for early stage and moderate knee osteoarthritis. Compared with Votalin Emulgel, Haitongpi decoction steam-wash therapy exhibits superior outcomes and low recurrence rate.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Electroacupuncture intervention on the expression of mitogen activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in aorta of rats with spontaneous hypertension Jiang Lin, He Ke, Chen Chu-tao, Zhang Hong 2010, 14 (20):  3686-3690.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.018 Abstract ( 273 )   PDF (508KB) ( 427 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, a large number of clinical studies have shown that acupuncture Fengchi (GB 20), Taichong  (LR 3), Quchi (LI 11) points can effectively lower blood pressure, which can be used for the treatment of hypertension, but the molecular mechanism of this treatment has not been clarified. OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecular mechanism of acupuncture treatment of hypertension via observing the effects of acupuncture Fengchi (GB 20), Taichong (LR 3), Quchi (LI 11) points on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction system. METHODS: A total of 14 8-month male spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into the acupuncture and model groups, with 7 animals in each group. Additional 7 male Wistar-Kyoto rats were served as the control group. Rats in the acupuncture group received electroacupuncture at bilateral Fengchi (GB 20), Quchi (LI 11), and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) points, pin acupuncture at the Taixi (KI 3) and Taichong (LR 3) points. The expression of MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) mRNA, MKP-1 protein and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in aorta was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot at 3 weeks after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the p-ERK1/2 level was increased and the MKP-1 mRNA and protein levels were decreased in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the p-ERK1/2 level was decreased and the MKP-1 mRNA and protein levels were increased in the acupuncture group (P < 0.05). The results revealed that acupuncture treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats may be through regulation of MAPK signal transduction pathway to enhance p-ERK1/2 protein expression and reduce MKP-1 protein expression, thereby, improve vascular remodeling and decrease blood pressure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of minipig models of ischemic heart failure caused by acute myocardial infarction by perfusing microsphere suspension into the left anterior descending branch Zhang Jing, Fu Xiang-hua, Jia Xin-wei, Ma Ning, Gu Xin-shun, Liu Xiao-kun, Fan Xin-na, Jiang Yun-fa, Fan Wei-ze 2010, 14 (20):  3691-3695.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.019 Abstract ( 393 )   PDF (409KB) ( 324 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous acute myocardial infarction (AMI) models are prepared via opening chest and ligating coronary artery, which result in great trauma and death.  OBJECTIVE: To evaluate minipig models of ischemic heart failure caused by AMI by perfusing microsphere suspension into the left anterior descending branch . METHODS: After coronary angiography, 4F judkins angiographic catheter was inserted into the left anterior descending branch and 3 mL microsphere suspension was injected repeatedly at 10 minutes interval until TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) < 2 and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure maintaining from 15 to 18 mm Hg steadily. Electrocardiography, hemodynamic parameters, ultrasonic cardiogram, cardiac troponin I and CK-MB were measured. Myocardial infarct area was determined by pathologic examination. At 1, 7, 14, and 30 days after model preparation, cardiac ultrasound inspection was performed. At 30 days, hemodynamic parameters and pathological examination were used to evaluate the stability and repeatability of models. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 14 minipigs survived at 30 days after model preparation, which were consistent with AMI criteria. There were 13 minipigs consistent with the models criteria with notably increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (P < 0.01) and decreased cardiac output and left ventricular ejection fraction (P < 0.01). The success rate was 76.47%. The pathological examination demonstrated that the infarct size accounted for (33.85±4.43)% of the left ventricle. The model prepared by this method is more close to pathophysiological characteristics of ischemic heart failure caused by AMI. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of human colonic carcinoma (LoVo) xenograft in nude mice and magnetic resonance imaging examination   Feng Shi-ting, Sun Can-hui, Cai Hua-song, Zhou Jian, Tan Guo-sheng, Qiu Peng-xin, Zhang Jian, Li Zi-ping, Meng Quan-fei 2010, 14 (20):  3696-3700.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.020 Abstract ( 264 )   PDF (453KB) ( 568 )   Save BACKGROUND: The colonic carcinoma xenograft model is an ideal method for exploring and stimulating in vivo biological behavior of human, however, studies concerning evaluating models using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have less been reported yet. OBJECTIVE: To establish human colonic carcinoma xenograft model in nude mice with human colonic carcinoma LoVo cells inoculation and transplantation, and to evaluate the models by using MRI.  METHODS: The nude mice models with colonic carcinoma were established by cell transplantation and tumor transplantation. The morphological and histopathological features of transplanted tumor were examined. Blood samples taken from the host were assayed for carcino embryonic antigen levels. Immunohistochemical localization of carcino embryonic antigen in the tumor tissues was also determined. The models (n = 6) were performed MRI examination. Signal to noise ratio (SNR) on T1 weighted imaging (T1WI) and T2 weighted imaging (T2WI), T1 and T2 relaxation time of the tumor, liver and muscle were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It showed that the morphological and functional characteristics of the transplanted tumors were strikingly identical to the original human tumor. The successful transplantation rate was 100%. The mean of SNR on T1WI of tumor, liver and muscle were 26.19, 22.71, and 26.62, respectively, and, the mean of SNR on T2WI were 9.42, 7.66 and 8.59, respectively. T1 relaxation time of tumor, liver and muscle were 1 039.22 ms, 907.63 ms and 1 611.51 ms, respectively, while the mean of T2 relaxation time were 109.95 ms, 37.31 ms and 64.35 ms, respectively. MRI was performed successfully in all the models with good imaging quality and high resolution. T1 and T2 relaxation time could be the quantitative index for further evaluation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of an early steroid-induced femoral head necrosis model and determination of Caspase-3 activity Hu Feng, Zhao Jin-min, Li Xiao-feng, Liang Xiao-nan, Lu Rong-bin 2010, 14 (20):  3701-3704.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.021 Abstract ( 406 )   PDF (461KB) ( 422 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that apoptosis in osteocyte had close relationship to the pathogenesis of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis, while the activation of Caspase-3 can act on the other members of Caspase family, lead to protease cascade amplification, and eventually result in apoptosis. However, a report about Caspase-3 participates in apoptosis in osteocyte and early steroid-induced femoral head necrosis remains rare. OBJECTIVE: To establish an early steroid-induced femoral head necrosis model and determine Caspase-3 activity in osteocyte. METHODS: The rabbits were randomly divided into the model and control groups. Rabbits in the model group were injected dexamethasone 3 times a week and forcing the rabbits held upright position 1 hour everyday, while rabbits in the control group were injected the same amount of saline. Animals were sacrificed at 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after operation, and the optical microscope and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the histopathological changes, and p-nitroanilide colorimetry was performed to measure the Caspase-3 activity in osteocyte. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Histopathological changes could be observed under a light microscope at 3 weeks after administration, including increasing of empty osteocyte lacuna, adipocyte hypertrophy and relatively decreasing of mesenchymal stem cells. The percentage of empty osteocyte lacunae in the model group was significantly higher than in the control group at 6 weeks after administration (P < 0.05). Trabecular bone becomes thinner even collapse in model group at 9 weeks after administration. With the electron microscope, morphological changes in bone cells were observed. At 6 weeks after administration, osteocyte Caspase-3 activity in the model group was higher than the control group (P < 0.05). Accordingly, the use of high dose injection of dexamethasone and forcing the rabbits holding upright position can establish an early steroid-induced femoral head necrosis model. The apoptosis in osteocyte depending Caspase-3 may have some relationship to the pathogenesis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of reflux esophagitis rat models: Partial pylorus ligation plus forestomach ligation with different diameters of stents Zheng Chao-xu, Lin Wei-bin, Yu Jun-feng, Chen Liu-hua 2010, 14 (20):  3705-3708.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.022 Abstract ( 361 )   PDF (423KB) ( 400 )   Save BACKGROUND: Partial pylorus ligation is a common method for establishment of reflux esophagitis (RE) model. The diameter of pylorus ligation is closely related to the efficacy of establishment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diversity of partial pylorus ligation with different diameters of stents plus forestomach ligation and to find a rational method to induce RE in rats. MATERIALS: Forty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, and 2.9 mm diameter and 3.7 mm diameter stents were inserted through the incision to sustain the pylorus and extracted after pylorus ligation. Then ligation of the transitional region between the forestomach and stomach was performed additionally to establish RE model. The body weights and 7-day survival rates of rats in each group were observed. The rats were sacrificed 7 days after the procedures, and the incidences of esophagitis of two groups were counted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The 7-day survival rates of 2.9 mm diameter and 3.7 mm diameter stents groups were 35% (7/20) and 68.4% (13/19), respectively (P = 0.038). The incidences of esophagitis were 85.7% (6/7) and 76.9% (10/13), respectively. There were no significant differences in the body weights of everyday postoperatively in survival rats between two groups (P > 0.05). Successful RE model in rats can be established by partial pylorus ligation plus forestomach ligation. The pylorus ligation diameter is closely related to the survival rates of rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and identification of lentiviral vector targeting human bcl-2 and cyclin D1 gene Wu Xiao-san, Zhang Chun-lin, Zhao Yao, Gao Tian-tian, Sun Jiao, Zeng Bing-fang 2010, 14 (20):  3709-3713.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.023 Abstract ( 286 )   PDF (549KB) ( 341 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies concerning osteosarcoma drug resistance are limited for single gene or passway. However, dual-channel blocker of apoptosis and cell cycle regulation may reverse drug resistance in osteosarcoma. OBJECTIVE: To construct an effective bcl-2, cyclin D1 specific siRNA lentiviral vector and transfect it into drug-resistant osteosarcoma cell lines of osteosarcoma, and to discuss the reversal of drug resistance. METHODS: The restriction endonuclease and T4 DNA ligase were used to construct the vector plasmid. Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 genes were cloned into the site of pSIH1-H1-copGFP shRNA vector to construct the pSIH1-H1-copGFP-bcl-2-siRNA and pSIH1-H1-copGFP-cyclinD1-siRNA. The cloned lentiviral plasmids and the packaging plasmids system were transfected into 293T cells. The supernatant was collected and the titer and infection efficiency of the recombinant lentivirus were determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The ligation of four pairs of bcl-2 and cyclin D1 specific siRNAs to the double digested lentiviral pSIH1-H1-copGFP shRNA vector were successful. The titer of concentrated virus was 1.14×104 ifu/μL in the supernatant of the infected cells. The highest interference efficiency of bcl-2, cyclin D1 genes was respectively 88% and 87% detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results demonstrated an effective bcl-2, cyclin D1 specific siRNA lentiviral vector has been constructed by the application of siRNA technique. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of interactional partners of human heterogeneous ribonucleo protein E1 using yeast two-hybrid system 3 Huo Li-rong, Zou Jun-hua, Zhong Nan 2010, 14 (20):  3714-3717.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.024 Abstract ( 390 )   PDF (385KB) ( 334 )   Save BACKGROUND: Now yeast two-hybrid system 3 is a common platform applied in screening interactive proteins. OBJECTIVE: To screen interactional partners with human heterogeneous ribonucleo protein E1 (hnRNP E1) using yeast two-hybrid system 3. METHODS: The carrier of hnRNP E1-pGBKT7/c-myc were constructed. Then AH109 yeast cells were transformed with it, and the expression of hnRNP E1 in yeast cells was identified by Western blot. After toxicity and self-activation assays, yeast-mating was utilized to screen interactional proteins with hnRNP E1 in human cDNA library including nutritional deletion, filtration membrane reaction and yeast mating.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: hnRNP E1 protein was expressed normally and there was no self-activation and toxicity in AH109. Sixteen candidate genes were screened after 3 passages and filter assay. And eight candidate proteins were gained at last after BLASTN/P from NCBI. All results revealed that hnRNP E1 maybe participate in the process of replication, transcription, transport for mRNA, cell cycle, cell autophagy and immune response, and it can participate in the pathogenesis of some genetic disorders. Related Articles | Metrics

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Neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion models Liu Feng, Long Hui, Liang Jiang-hong 2010, 14 (20):  3718-3721.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.025 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (394KB) ( 309 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, animal experiments and in vitro cell culture studies confirmed that erythropoietin (EPO) has neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia, but the mechanism is not yet clearly. OBJECTIVE: To explore the neuroprotective effect of EPO on cerebral ischemia via observing cytologic morphology at damaged area and detecting concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain tissues. METHODS: Wistar rats were prepared for focal ischemia-reperfusion models by suture method. At 2 hours after model preparation, 3 000 U/kg normal saline and 1000 U/kg EPO were peritoneally injected into rats. At the same time, a sham-surgery group was established. Pathological changes of brain tissues were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining, the SOD activity and MDA concentration were measured by xanthine oxidase and thiobarbituric acid methods at 24 hours after ischemia-reperfusion injury. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The morphological results demonstrated that, compared with the normal saline group, the survival of cortical nerve cells were greater in the high-dose EPO group with lighter damage. The SOD activity in the high-dose EPO, low-dose EPO groups was obviously greater than that in the sham-surgery and normal saline groups (P < 0.05), but the MAD concentration was smaller in the high-dose EPO and low-dose EPO groups (P < 0.05). The SOD activity was significantly higher in the high-dose EPO group than the low-dose EPO group, but the MAD were significantly lower than the low-dose EPO group (P < 0.05). The intraperitoneal injection of EPO can increase the survival number of nerve cells, significantly improve the pathological changes of tissues, this protective effect may be achieved via removing free radicals and antagonizing oxidative damage Related Articles | Metrics

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Ultrastructure and hemodynamic changes of endothelial cells from myocardial bridge mural coronary artery Li Wen-hua, Liu Xiao-li, Cai Ping 2010, 14 (20):  3722-3725.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.026 Abstract ( 293 )   PDF (392KB) ( 533 )   Save BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have observed effects of myocardial bridge on myocardial blood flow perfusion and arteriosclerosis from the angle of histology. However, there were few studies concerning ultrastructure characteristics of coronary artery and proximal and distal vascular endothelial cells with the influence of myocardial bridge. OBJECTIVE: To observe myocardial bridge mural coronary artery and proximal endothelial cell ultrastructure characteristics and myocardial bridge-induced hemodynamic changes. METHODS: Left coronary artery, mural coronary artery proximal end, mural coronary artery and mural coronary artery distal end of 10 patients with coronary artery bypass grafting were treated with heparin-saline and 4% glutaral. The characteristics of vascular endothelial cells and basal lamina were observed with a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Myocardial bridges of 10 samples located in the middle and proximal anterior descending branch, 2.4-3.6 mm in length. Mural coronary artery proximal portion endothelial cells presented orbicular-ovate. Long axis showed the same direction as blood flow. Many defects were seen on cell surface. Mural coronary artery endothelial cells were long, spindle-shaped, with the consistent direction of long axis and blood flow. Few cells dropped out. Microvillus was observed on endothelial cell surface of two samples, with special bridge-like structure, which was commonly found in one end of cells and connected with consecutive cells following liberation in the lumens. Endothelial cells from mural coronary artery distal end were irregular, with a few detects on the surface, clear boundary, no drop out. Endothelial cells from mural coronary artery had similar area as endothelial cells from the proximal and distal ends. However, perimeter was significantly increased, but morphous index was significantly low (P < 0.05). These indicated that endothelial cells of the mural coronary artery are free from atherosclerosis due to higher shear stress caused by myocardial bridge. The intima of the section proximal to mural coronary artery was likely to be sclerosed due to the lower and oscillatory shear force. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimal time for repairing peripheral nerve defects following injury Zhang Da-peng, Pan Shi-qi, Hou Ming-ming, Yang Qi, Wang Yan-zhong 2010, 14 (20):  3726-3729.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.027 Abstract ( 344 )   PDF (367KB) ( 464 )   Save BACKGROUND: Most studies regarding peripheral nerve injury repair focus on repair mechanisms rather than selection of repair times.  OBJECTIVE: To observe the different time points on peripheral nerve injury repair and to select an optimal time. METHODS: White rabbits were prepared for peripheral nerve injury models and randomly divided into 4 groups. In the immediate restoration group, the injured nerves were repaired immediately. In the other groups, the broken ends were fixed on sarcolemma and the sciatic nerve was repaired at 2, 4 weeks and 3 months after injury. The motor nerve conduction velocity, pathological observation, and structure of transplanted nerve segment were observed at 3 months after operation. The number of axon was also counted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with 4-week and 3-month restoration groups, the motor nerve conduction velocity of the 2-week restoration group was obviously faster (P < 0.01), but the difference was significant compared with the immediate restoration group (P > 0.05). The histomorphology and structure of the 2-week restoration group were better than those of the 4-week and 3-month restoration groups. In addition, the number of axon in the 2-week restoration group was greater than those of the 4-week and 3-month restoration groups (P < 0.01). All results demonstrated that the outcome of 2-week restoration is superior to other time points, which is an optimal time for peripheral nerve injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tensile mechanical properties of the brachial plexus of experimental animals Shen Zhe, Sun Chang-jiang, Feng Tie-jian, Ma Hong-shun 2010, 14 (20):  3730-3733.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.028 Abstract ( 301 )   PDF (341KB) ( 560 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is necessary to understand the brachial plexus stretch mechanical properties for the brachial plexus injuries suture anastomosis technique. OBJECTIVE: The brachial plexus of laboratory animals was performed tensile experiment to observe the tensile mechanical properties, which can provide the tensile mechanical properties parameters for the clinic. METHODS: A total of 40 C6-7 brachial plexus of rats were obtained and randomly divided into the normal control group (n = 20) and analog brachial plexus injury anastomosis group (n = 20). The middle of the specimen was cut off from the broken suture by hand-cut way to the analog brachial plexus injury anastomosis. Tensile test with the speed of 5 mm/min was performed, and the experimental data was treated by using the polynomial and Least-squares method. The tensile maximum load, maximum displacement, maximum strain, maximum stress, and stress-strain curve were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The tensile maximum load of the analog brachial plexus injury anastomosis group was (1.050±0.135) N, maximum displacement was (3.090±0.356) mm, maximum strain was (61.860±7.252)%, and maximum stress was (5.095±0.647) MPa. The tensile maximum load and the maximum stress of the normal control group were greater than those of the analog brachial plexus injury anastomosis group (P < 0.05), but the maximum displacement and maximum strain were smaller than the analog brachial plexus injury anastomosis group (P < 0.05). The tensile stress-strain curve is changed in exponential relationship. The results demonstrated that the two groups of brachial plexus tensile specimens have different mechanical properties. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathophysicological mechanism of discogenic low back pain and tissue engineering technique Jiang Zheng, Yin Zong-sheng 2010, 14 (20):  3736-3739.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.030 Abstract ( 265 )   PDF (466KB) ( 439 )   Save BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of discogenic low back pain remains controversial. The understanding of pathophysicological mechanism provides important theoretical foundation for clinical diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: To review the pathophysicological mechanism of discogenic low back pain and application of tissue engineering at home and abroad. METHODS: A computer-based online search of Pubmed (1980-01/2009-08) and CNKI (2000-01/2009-08) was performed for articles in English and Chinese with the key words “discogenic low back pain, low back pain” in English and Chinese. In addition, manual search was performed. Studies regarding pathophysicological mechanism of intervertebral degeneration and pathophysicological mechanism of intervertebral disk hernia-induced pain were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Chronic low back pain is partially caused by intervertebral disk lesion. Natural degeneration and mechanical pressure changes lead to the breakdown of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus. Through the breakdown of nerve fibers, nerve fibers grow into the disc. The nucleus of disc can stimulate surrounding tissue to produce inflammatory cytokines, which stimulate pain from nerves. The change of the waist mechanical stress can increase pain. Traditional surgical treatment, such as discectomy, lumbar fusion, intradiscal radiofrequency ablation, will reduce the height of normal spine and spine segment activities. The promotion of the regeneration of intervertebral disc and the disc replacement surgery may solve this problem. Therefore, treatment of discogenic low back pain with tissue engineering has become a new interesting topic. Related Articles | Metrics

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Regulation effect of mechano growth factor on skeletal muscle satellite cells Sun Jing-yu, Lu Yao-fei 2010, 14 (20):  3740-3743.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.031 Abstract ( 290 )   PDF (422KB) ( 623 )   Save BACKGROUND: The mechano growth factor (MGF), an alternatively spliced variant of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), is involved in tissue repair and adaptation. Therefore, the application of exogenous MGF on interfering satellite cells and regulating molecular mechanism provides a new idea for treating muscle damage. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the regulation of MGF on skeletal muscle satellite cells and its clinical effects. METHODS: The relevant articles between 1995 and 2009 were retrieved from PubMed and CNKI database using key words of “mechano growth factor; skeletal muscle satellite cells”, and restricting the language as English and Chinese by computer. The original articles with representation in the objectives or methods were included, and the repetitiveness or unrelated papers were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The MGF could activate skeletal muscle satellite cells, promote cells proliferation, inhibit myotube integration and facilitate the migration of satellite cells, which had positive clinical effect on skeletal muscle repair, nerve repair and the treatment of myocardial infarction. The effects of exogenous MGF on promoting regeneration and repairing muscle tissue injury may open up a new avenue for sports damage, as well as exhibit an important role in satellite cell transplantation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Heat shock protein 72 expression in skeletal muscle cells and exercise as well as muscle injury Lu Wen-biao 2010, 14 (20):  3744-3747.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.032 Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (387KB) ( 497 )   Save BACKGROUND: Heat shock protein 72 expression in skeletal muscle cells induced by exercise stress has correlated with muscular injury. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the correlation between heat shock protein 72 expression in skeletal muscle cells and exercise, and to explore the potential value in sports medicine. METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in National Scientific & Technical Library Document Center with the key words of “heat shock protein 72, skeletal muscle” in both Chinese and English from January 1990 to October 2009. Relevant data were also searched in Wanfang database with the key word of heat shock protein 72 in Chinese from January 1994 to October 2009. Articles addressing originality, reliability, identification, general analysis, and high correlation were included; however, articles due to unconscionable design and unclear review were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The heat shock protein existed in the organism widely and had protective function on body. Exercise stress which induced heat shock protein 72 mRNA expression and heat shock protein 72 synthesis was highly correlated with exercise loading dose, intension, and duration, in particular exercise intension. When heat shock protein 72 was strongly stimulated by exercise stress, the synthetic dose was increased significantly. As a muscle stress indicator, heat shock protein 72 provided important evidence for functional changes of skeletal muscle cells induced by exercise; on the other hand, it was also an ideal indicator for preventing overtraining and training plan. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of exercise on mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway in skeletal muscle Hong Xiong, Zhang Wei 2010, 14 (20):  3748-3752.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.033 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (463KB) ( 600 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mitogen-activatedprotein kinases (MAPKs) are serine/threonine-specific protein kinases that respond to extracellular stimuli and regulate various cellular activities, such as gene expression, mitosis, differentiation, proliferation, and cell survival/apoptosis. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the important effects of MAPKs on postexercise skeletal muscle. METHODS: The Chinese Full Text Databases (website: http://dlib.cnki.net/kns50/index.aspx) and PubMed (website: http://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) were retrieved by computer from 1990-01 to 2009-06 with key words of “exercise, mitogen-activated protein kinases, skeletal muscle and adaption”. The papers concerning research status and development trend of exercise on MAPK were included, and the repeated research was excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exercise can activate MAPK signal transduction system of skeletal muscle, and different types of exercises, skeletal and training times had varying effects on MAPKs. MAPKs are involved in skeletal muscle adaption and exhibited different time courses after exercise. The study of adaptability changes of MAPKs on postexercise skeletal muscle is conductive to prepare and develop motor function foods or antifatigue drugs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scars and the clinical prospect Gao Ming-yue, Lin Jie, Zhang Wen-xian 2010, 14 (20):  3753-3756.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.034 Abstract ( 316 )   PDF (500KB) ( 574 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hyperplastic scar is the abnormal results of wound healing, which severely effects body appearance and leads to functional disturbance. OBJECTIVE: To review the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scar status in China and abroad. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, CNKI, CAJ were retrieved by computer with key words of “hypertrophic scars, prevention and treatment”. The language was limited for English and Chinese. Simultaneously, related monograph was manually searched. The studies regarding biological features of hypertrophic scar, reasons for hypertrophic scar formation, as well as prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scar were included in the analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The main causes of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts are biological characteristics of abnormal increase in the number of fibroblasts. A large number of collagen fibers synthesized and secreted is the key to the formation of scar tissue. The prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scar should be integrated early in wound healing to take preventive measures to curb scar. Treatment should be combined in several ways to take combination therapy, which received notable results compared with monotherapy. In addition, in recent years the role of Chinese medicine in the mechanism of scar formation, animal experiments and dose reconstruction studies are endless. Strengthening of Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scar research is very important. The occurrence and development of abnormal scars should be thoroughly avoided or reduced from the source, genetic level defects should be amended to prevent and treat hypertrophic scars. Traditional Chinese medicine can be a further breakthrough in the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scars. Related Articles | Metrics

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Repair of obsolete spinal cord injury and reconstruction of nerve function Zhu Hong-wei, Zhang Shao-cheng 2010, 14 (20):  3757-3761.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.035 Abstract ( 926 )   PDF (514KB) ( 409 )   Save BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury, especially obsolete spinal cord injury-induced paralysis, is a more serious disability. How to treat spinal cord injury with effective therapy then doing functional reconstruction are difficulties in the clinic. OBJECTIVE: To explore effective methods for repair of obsolete spinal cord injury and reconstruction of nerve function, and to summarize the clinical experiences. METHODS: Papers related to therapy for obsolete spinal cord injury and nerve functional reconstruction published between October 1996 and December 2009 in CNKI and between October 1999 and October 2009 in PUBMED database were searched with key words of “obsolete spinal cord injury; nerve functional reconstruction, cell transplantation, surgery, spasm pain” in Chinese and English. The articles regarding obsolete spinal cord injury, cell transplantation or nerve functional reconstruction were selected, and the duplicated study or Meta analysis was excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 107 literatures were collected, and 61 of them were excluded, thus, 46 documents were included. Analysis results showed that for obsolete incomplete injury, cell transplantation and microsurgery can stimulate nerve cells regeneration, remove compressions on spinal cord and nerve root, and thus, promote the recovery or regeneration. For complete injury, the normal peripheral nerve bypass on the paraplegia plane can be connected to the nerve on the plane, which can reconstruct diaphragmatic respiratory function, partial upper limb and hand function, walking, defecation and plantar sensory, therefore, this method is a feasible treatment strategy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Association between primary hypertension accompanying carotid atherosclerosis and paraoxonase 2 polymorphisms in Uighur and Han populations: A 3-year report of 430 cases in the same institute Zhao Fang, Xu Xin-juan, Ma Yan-ping, Ren Rong3, Ma Jie, Liang Xiao-hui 2010, 14 (20):  3762-3767.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.036 Abstract ( 339 )   PDF (421KB) ( 391 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recently studies demonstrated that paraoxonase-2 (PON2) can decrease low density lipoprotein overoxidation and protect tissues against oxidation damage. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between PON2 polymorphisms (PON2 C311S) and primary hypertension accompanying carotid atherosclerosis. METHODS: The study comprised 430 participants who admitted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were collected and divided into 2 groups: primary hypertension accompanying carotid atherosclerosis (n=294) and primary hypertension without carotid atherosclerosis (n=136). The case group was consisted of 214 Han people and 80 Uighur people. The control group consisted of 103 Han people and 33 Uighur people. Genotypes were detected by polymerase chain reactions followed by restriction analyses with specific endonucleases and their frequencies were determined.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The CC+CS genetype distribution and the C allele frequency of the PON2 C311S gene were obviously increased in the Han case group than that of the control group. Diastolic blood pressure of Han people with three genetypes (SS, CS, CC) exhibited a significant difference (P=0.003), especially greatest in the CC genetype. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that allele of PON2 C311, age, diastolic blood pressure, lipoprotein (a) were the risk factors of hypertension accompanying carotid atherosclerosis (P < 0.05). The genetype and C allele frequency of PON2 C311S gene was greater in the Uighur case group than that of the control group, and the low density lipoprotein exhibited a significant differences in Uighur people with three genetypes (P=0.005), especially highest in the CC genotype. The single nucleotide polymorphism of PON2C311S is probably associated with carotid atherosclerosis in primary hypertension people of Chinese Han population in Xinjiang. The C allele might be a risk factor. Related Articles | Metrics

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Somatotype research using Heath-Carter anthropometry of 218 college students in Qingdao Qiu Tong, Zhao Dan, Liang Huan, He Zheng, Jin Li-xin 2010, 14 (20):  3768-3771.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.037 Abstract ( 369 )   PDF (283KB) ( 425 )   Save BACKGROUND: The Health-Carter method is widely used in somatotype study since it is originated in 1960s. In recent 20 years, several scholars have made studies of adult and student somatotypes in many regions in China. However, the reports concerning college students are few. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the rules and characteristics of somatotype distribution of college students in Qingdao, Shandong province, so as to compliment the essential data for physical anthropology. METHODS: Employing Health-Carter method, the 218 college students were measured on the indexes of biepicondylar breadth of the humerus, biepicondylar breadth of the femur, tricps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, suprailiac skinfold, medial calf skinfold, body length, body weight, upper arm girth flexed and tensed and calf girth. Every index was measured 3 times and average values were adopted, and compared to that of other regions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Data of 218 college students were taken in the analysis. The mean somatotype data of male was 6.4-2.7-3.0, which focused on balanced endomorphy. The mean somatotype data of female was 4.8-2.3-3.0, focused on ectomorphic endomorph. Higher value of mean endomorphy and mean mesomorphy showed male students had much fat and more developed skeletal and muscle systems than female students. Compared with other regions, college students in Qingdao area were fatter,and skeletal and muscle systems were poorly developed. The comparison of the mean ectomorphy and the body length/body weight (HWR) showed that the male was close to the female on the body linearity. The mean endomorphy and the HWR were higher in males than in females, SAD was 1.65±0.51, which showed the existence of the differences between the male and the female. These findings suggest that the college students in Qingdao are fatter and have poorly developed skeletal and muscle systems with slimmer bodies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Locomotor behavior analysis of 1 455 osteoporotic females He Hong-chen, Luo Qing-lu, Sun Xiao-rong, Yang Lin, Wu Yuan-chao, Xiong En-fu, Xie Wei, He Cheng-qi 2010, 14 (20):  3772-3775.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.038 Abstract ( 323 )   PDF (425KB) ( 442 )   Save BACKGROUND: Since 1989, world health organization puts forward 3 principles to prevent from osteoporosis syndrome, including calcium supplement, exercise and diet. However, people appreciate calcium supplement and diet more than exercise. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between exercise and bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae on osteoporotic females, and to definite the affection of exercise on bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae. METHODS: Among 4 383 females who were in-patient or out-patient at department of rehabilitation in West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 1 455 females were diagnosed osteoporosis by dual-energy X-ray absorption measuring bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae, and T value scoring; according to the questionnaire of their exercise time, they were 385, 115, 955 sugared with constantly exercise, occasionally exercise and no exercise, respectively, then exercise time was compared with their bone mass density of lumbar vertebrae by SPSS12.0. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone mineral density (BMD), average BMD and T score of L2, L3 and L4 in the 3 groups were constantly exercise group > no exercise group > occasionally exercise group, the differences of T score and average BMD were significant (P < 0.05); but the difference of BMD was not signficiant (P > 0.05). The bone mineral content and total bone mineral content of L2, L3 and L4 was constantly exercise group > occasionally exercise group > no exercise group, but there were no significant differences(P > 0.05). Exercise, when reaches a certain amount, can enlarge BMD of lumbar vertebral of osteoporotic females. Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological survey of symptomatic cervical spine osteoarthritis in middle-aged and senior residents in Guangzhou Su Yang, Zhu Zhi-gang, Cai Yu-xing, Zhang Zhong-min, Xue Qing-yun 2010, 14 (20):  3776-3779.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.039 Abstract ( 393 )   PDF (375KB) ( 423 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cervical spine osteoarthritis is a kind of disease that affects cervical joint function which seriously influences quality of life of middle-aged and senior patients and is relatively less investigated in domestic. OBJECTIVE: To understand the distribution of prevalence of symptomatic cervical spine osteoarthritis (SOA) in middle-aged and senior residents in Guangzhou. METHODS: Residents who had formal residence certification and over 40 years old were selected and received SOA epidemiology investigation. X-ray inspections were conducted in cervical positive and lateral sides at who had symptoms of cervical spine osteoarthritis. The final diagnostic criteria for symptomatic cervical spine osteoarthritis was osteoarthritis symptoms and Kellgren＆Lawrence classification. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among 1 342 cases, the total incidence of symptomatic cervical spine osteoarthritis in the middle-aged and senior residents was 23.2%. And male incidence and female incidence were 15.5% and 30.2%, respectively, with a significant difference between them (P < 0.001). The incidence of SOA was increased as the age got increased (P < 0.001). The prevalence of SOA in C5-6 was 21.0%, which was much higher than the other spinal level. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of cervical SOA between urban and rural areas (P < 0.001). This suggested that the prevalence of symptomatic cervical SOA was very high in the middle-aged and senior residents in Guangzhou, and we should pay much attention to it. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of the transfected basic fibroblast growth factor gene in myoblasts and regulatory system Zhang Li-gui, Wang Hong-yun, Qin Lei-lei, Huang Xiao-hui, Wang Chuan-fu 2010, 14 (20):  3780-3786.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.040 Abstract ( 333 )   PDF (537KB) ( 373 )   Save BACKGROUND: Transgenosis of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene has been successfully performed into the muscle satellite cells of rat extraocular muscles in the previous study of the research group, proving that bFGF could express in the myoblasts of extraocular muscles, also promote cell proliferation and differentiation. OBJECTIVE: To further investigate the methods for regulating the expression of the bFGF in myoblasts following transfection. METHODS: Target gene bFGF was connected with inducing expression vector pcDNA4/TO/myc-HisTMA, followed by masculine clone sequencing identified by colony PCR and enzyme digestion, EcoR Ⅰ and Hind Ⅲ restriction enzyme digestion, as well as Xho Ⅰ single enzyme verification. C2C12 myoblasts antibiotics sensitivity was screened and finally defined. By use of lipofection transfection technology, cell lines where C2C12 stably expressed pcDNA6/TR were estabolishd and then identified by Western blot. The pcDNA4/TO/myc-HisTMA-bFGF was transfected into pcDNA6/TR- C2C12 cells. The bFGF expression and secretion in C2C12 cells following tetracycline-induced pcDNA4/TO/myc-HisTMA-bFGF transfection were determined by immunofluorescence and Western blot, the controls were established. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ① The conjunction between the bFGF and inducing expression vector pcDNA4/TO/myc-HisTMA was proved successfully by sequencing comparison, double digestion and single digestion. ②The minimal lethal concentration of blasticidin to C2C12 cells was 10 mg/L, while that of zeocin was 750 mg/L. ③ The pcDNA6/TR- C2C12 cell lines were established correctly. ④ The myoblasts treated by tetracycline and transfected with pcDNA4/TO/myc-HisTMA-bFGF were positive for gene expression, those untreated exhibited a negativity; bFGF protein could be produced in myoblasts treated by tetracycline and transfected with pcDNA4/TO/myc-HisTMA-bFGF, the production reached a peak at 24 hours, while those untreated can not produce bFGF protein. Results suggest that the bFGF expression in the myoblasts can be controlled by tetracycline inhibition and regulatory systems. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of adenovirus-mediated eukaryotic expression vector co-expressing mutant hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha target protein and humanized Renilla reniformis green fluorescent protein reporter molecule under normoxic conditions Liu Dan-ping, Wang Guo-xian, Hu Liang, Li Chen 2010, 14 (20):  3787-3792.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.041 Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (708KB) ( 413 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) can regulate the co-expression of various genes, and can induce angiogenesis with integrated physiological function. OBJECTIVE: To construct a novel adenoviral eukaryotic expression vector that can co-express mutant hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) target protein and humanized Renilla reniformis green fluorescent protein (hrGFP) reporter molecule under normoxic conditions. METHODS: The human HIF-1α gene carried by target gene donor plasmid pCMV6-XL5-HIF1α was sequenced and the site of restriction enzyme in above gene was analyzed. Site-directed mutagenesis of three amino acids including the 402 location, the 564 location, and the 803 location in gene coding region in HIF-1α were performed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing was also done for monitoring mutation. The HIF-1α gene mutated correctly (HIF-1αmu) was coupled to adenoviral shuttle vector pShuttle-CMV-IRES- hrGFP-1. The recombinant adenovirus shuttle vector carrying HIF-1αmu gene was transferred to BJ5183-AD-1 electroporation competent cells after sequencing identification and Pme Ⅰ restriction enzyme linearization. HIF-1αmu and hrGFP gene as well as hemeo-expression elements of hrGFP gene were reconstructed into adenoviral genome plasmids using homologous recombination mechanism in bacterium. Recombinants were obtained by Pac Ⅰ restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing identification. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Amino acids including the 402 location, the 564 location and the 803 location in gene coding region in HIF-1α had become alanine after site-directed mutagenesis. Recombinant adenoviral expressing vector was successful as confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing. These findings demonstrate that a novel recombinant adenoviral mutant eukaryotic expression vector pAd-HIF1αmu-IRES-hrGFP-1 was successfully constructed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Early isokinetic training after repair of Achilles tendon ruptures: A rehabilitation efficiency evaluation Zhu Jin-qiang, Dai Shi-you, Ma Zhen-hua, Zhang Qi-liang, Meng Ye, Teng Xue-ren, Liu Lu-ping 2010, 14 (20):  3793-3796.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.042 Abstract ( 317 )   PDF (310KB) ( 740 )   Save BACKGROUND: Traditional repair for Achilles tendon rupture has disadvantages of long cast immobilization times, poor outcomes and many complications.  OBJECTIVE: To explore the safety and efficacy of early isokinetic rehabilitation training for patients after repair of Achilles tendon ruptures. METHODS: A total of 11 patients with Achilles tendon ruptures received treatments at the Department of Orthopedics, East District of Qingdao Municipal Hospital, from September 2007 to September 2009, were included. Nine of them underwent 8-week isokinetic exercises by using Isomed-2000 at 4 weeks after tendon repair. The evaluative indicators included Arner-Lindholm score, the ankle range of motion, and extensor-flexor peak torque. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The follow-up averaged 6 months, ranging from 3 to 12 months. The excellent and good rate of Arner-Lindholm score was 88.9%. The results showed a significant improvement in the ankle range of motion and extensor-flexor peak torque (P < 0.05). There were no infection or re-rupture cases. It is indicated that early isokinetic rehabilitation is safe and effective for patients with Achilles tendon ruptures at 4 weeks postoperatively. It provides evidence for early rehabilitation in patients with Achilles tendon ruptures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Current research and development of tissue engineered venous valve Yuan Jian-ming, Dang Rui-shan, Shen Man-ru, Zhang Chuan-sen 2010, 14 (20):  3797-3800.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.20.043 Abstract ( 280 )   PDF (234KB) ( 373 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To review the current research of tissue engineered venous valve at home and abroad, to analyze the developing trend of tissue engineered venous valve in the clinical application. METHODS: A computer retrieve was performed among PubMed, ProQuest Health & Medical Complete database, Springer English Academic Journal Full-text database, Elsevier Full-text database between January 2000 and August 2009, with the key words of “tissue engineering venous valve”, and the language was limited to English. At the same time, Chongqing VIP database, Qinghua Academic Journals Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature database were also screened on computer by using the key words “tissue engineered venous valve”, and the language was limited to Chinese. In addition, the relevant monographs were manually checked. RESULTS: The comprehensive analysis shows that an ideal method to construct tissue engineered venous valve is to combine progenitor cells with multipotent adult progenitor cells for the batched incubation in allogenic acellular vein scaffolds, in vivo environment can be maximally simulated through constant pressure perfusions on the three-dimensional culture system, thus seed cells can well grow into functional tissue engineered venous valve on the scaffold materials. This study provides experimental basis for clinical application of venous valve tissue engineering. CONCLUSION: At present, tissue engineered venous valve research has made considerable progress and encouraging results, brings first lights for deep venous insufficiency for patients, and exhibits wide application in the field of deep venous insufficiency treatment. Related Articles | Metrics