中国组织工程研究 ›› 2014, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (22): 3498-3503.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.22.010

• 脊柱植入物 spinal implant • 上一篇    下一篇

三种方式置入植入物修复腰椎爆裂性骨折后的骨性融合及矫正度和功能恢复

黄晓楠,张 勇   

  1. 山东省菏泽市立医院骨外科,山东省菏泽市 274031
  • 修回日期:2014-03-24 出版日期:2014-05-28 发布日期:2014-05-28
  • 作者简介:黄晓楠,男,1980年生,山东省菏泽市人,汉族,主治医师,2013年山东大学毕业,硕士,主要从事脊柱和关节研究。

Bone fusion, correction and functional recovery after three approaches of implant fixation for lumbar burst fractures

Huang Xiao-nan, Zhang Yong   

  1. Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Heze Municipal Hospital of Shandong Province, Heze 274031, Shandong Province, China
  • Revised:2014-03-24 Online:2014-05-28 Published:2014-05-28
  • About author:Huang Xiao-nan, Master, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Heze Municipal Hospital of Shandong Province, Heze 274031, Shandong Province, China

摘要:

背景:目前腰椎爆裂性骨折的外科治疗方式主要包括脊柱前路、脊柱后路和脊柱前后联合入路内固定处理。然而何种处理方式最佳,它们的适应证如何,目前还存在争议。

目的:评价脊柱前路内固定器系统内固定及脊柱后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定和前2种方法联合治疗腰椎爆裂性骨折的临床疗效。
方法:腰椎爆裂性骨折79例。根据患者情况,分别采用脊柱后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗57例;脊柱前路内固定器系统内固定治疗12例;脊柱前路内固定器系统内固定加脊柱后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定联合治疗10例。采用ASIA标准评定治疗前后神经功能恢复情况;观察治疗前后伤椎Cobb角以及矫正度丢失、骨性融合率、内固定失效率及治疗过程的操作时间和出血量。

结果与结论:79例随访>19个月。除5例完全性截瘫患者神经功能无恢复,其余63例不全瘫患者治疗后神经功能(ASIA分级)均恢复1级或1级以上。3种入路置入植入物内固定治疗后患者伤椎Cobb角以及神经功能的恢复均较治疗前明显改善(P < 0.05);脊柱后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗患者腰椎矫正度丢失明显高于脊柱前路内固定器系统内固定或脊柱前后联合入路治疗(P < 0.05)。脊柱后路内固定器系统内固定患者操作时间、出血量较脊柱前路内固定器系统内固定或脊柱前后联合入路治疗明显减少(P < 0.05)。脊柱后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定有5例患者发生内固定断裂。3种入路置入植入物内固定治疗在骨性融合率和神经功能恢复方面差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。结果表明,3种入路置入植入物内固定均能有效治疗腰椎爆裂性骨折,临床疗效满意;后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗易出现内固定断裂和治疗后矫正度丢失;脊柱前路内固定器系统内固定和脊柱前路内固定器系统内固定加脊柱后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定联合治疗后矫正度丢失较少。因此应个体化选择治疗入路,以期获得最佳的临床疗效。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程


全文链接:

关键词: 植入物, 脊柱植入物, 前路, 后路, 前后联合, 腰椎, 爆裂性骨折, 内固定器

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Currently, the treatment methods of lumbar burst fractures include anterior spinal approach, posterior spinal approach, and anterior combined with posterior approach. However, it is still controversial which the best approach is for lumbar burst fracture and what are their indications.

OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical outcomes of surgical treatments through anterior, posterior approaches, and anterior combined with posterior approach for lumbar vertebrae burst fractures.
METHODS: A total of 79 patients with lumbar burst fractures were treated by operation. Different approaches were selected according to conditions of injury: posterior approach (57 patients), anterior approach (12 patients), and anterior combined with posterior approach (10 patients). ASIA was used to assess the recovery of neurological function before and after treatment. Cobb angle, correction loss of Cobb angle, bone fusion rate, failure rate of internal fixation, operative time and intraoperative bleeding loss were observed before and after treatment.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All 79 patients were followed up for at least 19 months. Except no changes in the 5 complete paralysis cases, the ASIA classification of postoperative nerve function in 63 incomplete paralysis cases was improved by 1 grade or more. ASIA grade and the Cobb angle were obviously improved after operation, showing significant differences between preoperation and last follow-up (P < 0.05). The Cobb angle correction loss in patients with posterior approach was significantly larger than those with anterior approach and anterior combined with posterior approach (P < 0.05). Operative time and blood loss were significantly less in posterior approach compared with anterior approach and anterior combined with posterior approach (P < 0.05). Five cases with posterior approach suffered from screw breakage. There were no significant differences in the rate of bone fusion and postoperative neurological function recovery in three approaches (P > 0.05). Results suggested that the three surgical approaches can effectively treat lumbar burst fractures, and can achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes. Posterior approach easily affected fixation breakage and postoperative correlation loss. Anterior approach and anterior combined with posterior approach obtained less correlation loss. The surgeons should choose the surgical approach according to the characteristics of patients, and aim to achieve the best clinical outcomes.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程


全文链接:

Key words: lumbar vertebrae, fractures, bone, internal fixators

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