中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (36): 5884-5891.doi: 10.12307/2024.693

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

经皮椎体成形后邻近椎体压缩骨折的危险因素

柳栋元,关海山,史浩冉,刘晓亮,周浩盛   

  1. 山西医科大学第二附属医院骨科,山西省太原市   030001
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-08 接受日期:2023-11-29 出版日期:2024-12-28 发布日期:2024-02-28
  • 通讯作者: 关海山,主任医师,山西医科大学第二医院骨科,山西省太原市 030001
  • 作者简介:柳栋元,男,1999 年生,山西省运城市人,汉族,山西医科大学在读硕士,主要从事脊柱外科方面研究。

Risk factors for adjacent vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty

Liu Dongyuan, Guan Haishan, Shi Haoran, Liu Xiaoliang, Zhou Haosheng   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2023-10-08 Accepted:2023-11-29 Online:2024-12-28 Published:2024-02-28
  • Contact: Guan Haishan, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Liu Dongyuan, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China

摘要:


文题释义:

经皮椎体成形术:是指在X射线透视下,使用穿刺针经皮肤穿刺,通过椎弓根建立工作通道,向伤椎内注入骨水泥以达到增强椎体强度和稳定性、防治椎体塌陷、有效恢复椎体高度目的的治疗骨质疏松压缩性椎体骨折的一种脊柱外科微创技术,具有简单易施行、开放创伤小、镇痛速度快及手术疗效好的优点。
邻近椎体压缩骨折:是指骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者在接受经皮椎体成形术治疗后,由于存在某些危险因素,导致手术椎体相邻节段椎体的再次骨折,引起患者腰背部疼痛,降低生活质量,是经皮椎体成形术的常见并发症之一。


背景:经皮椎体成形术是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折应用最广泛的方法,多数研究认为经皮椎体成形术会增加继发性邻近椎体压缩骨折的概率。然而,对于经皮椎体成形术后引起的邻椎再骨折相关危险因素仍然存在争议。

目的:归纳并总结骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者行经皮椎体成形术后邻近椎体再发骨折的影响因素,为降低其发生风险以及制定相应治疗方案提供一定的参考。
方法:以“骨质疏松症,骨折,经皮椎体成形术,邻近椎体压缩骨折,危险因素”为中文检索词,以“osteoporosis,osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,percutaneous vertebroplasty,adjacent vertebral compression fractures,risk factors”为英文检索词,应用计算机检索中国知网、万方医学网、维普、PubMed、Springer、ScienceDirect及Elsevier数据库收录的相关文献。检索时限重点为2018年1月至2023年9月,同时纳入少数经典远期文献。通过阅读文题和摘要进行筛选,最终纳入83篇文献进行综述。

结果与结论:①骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折是骨质疏松症最常见的并发症之一,使老年患者致残和死亡的风险显著增加。经皮椎体成形术是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折切实有效的方法。②随着经皮椎体成形术的普及,继发椎体压缩性骨折也逐渐增多,以邻近椎体压缩骨折最为常见。③以往的研究仅讨论了骨密度、多发椎体骨折、身体质量指数、年龄、性别、骨水泥的用量、骨水泥渗漏及抗骨质疏松治疗等因素对经皮椎体成形术后继发邻近椎体压缩骨折的影响,而对于椎体骨折数量、手术时机、手术方式、骨水泥材料、骨水泥弥散分布、伤椎恢复高度和术后佩戴支具等方面总结的尚不全面,并且对危险因素引起邻椎骨折的具体机制分析也较为少见。④文章结果表明,骨密度过低、高龄、围绝经期女性、多发椎体骨折、伤椎高度的过度恢复、骨水泥渗漏、合并基础疾病及不良的生活习惯是经皮椎体成形术后继发邻近椎体压缩骨折的危险因素,保持正常的身体质量指数、早期手术、双侧经皮椎体成形术、使用新型骨水泥材料、适宜的骨水泥注射体积、均匀的骨水泥弥散分布、规律抗骨质疏松治疗和术后佩戴支具是经皮椎体成形术后继发邻近椎体压缩骨折的保护因素。

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0122-3703 (柳栋元) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨质疏松症, 骨折, 经皮椎体成形术, 邻近椎体压缩性骨折, 危险因素, 骨密度, 骨水泥, 高龄, 女性, 抗骨质疏松治疗

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous vertebroplasty is the most widely used method for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, and most studies have concluded that percutaneous vertebroplasty increases the probability of adjacent vertebral secondary compression fractures in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. However, controversy remains regarding the risk factors associated with adjacent vertebral re-fracture caused after percutaneous vertebroplasty.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the influencing factors of adjacent vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, in order to provide a certain reference for reducing the risk of its occurrence as well as formulating the corresponding treatment plan.
METHODS: Using “osteoporosis, fracture, percutaneous vertebroplasty, adjacent vertebral compression fractures, risk factors” as the Chinese search terms, “osteoporosis, osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, percutaneous vertebroplasty, adjacent vertebral compression fractures, risk factors” as English search terms, computerized searches were conducted on CNKI, Wanfang Medical Network, VIP, PubMed, Springer, ScienceDirect, and Elsevier databases. The search timeframe focuses on January 2018 through September 2023, with the inclusion of a few classic forward literature. The literature was screened by reading the titles and abstracts, and 83 papers were finally included in the review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures are one of the most common complications of osteoporosis, placing elderly patients at a significant risk of disability and death. Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a practical and effective treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. (2) With the popularity of percutaneous vertebroplasty, its secondary vertebral compression fractures have gradually increased, with adjacent vertebral compression fractures being the most common. (3) Previous studies have only discussed the effects of factors such as bone mineral density, multiple vertebral fractures, body mass index, age, sex, amount of bone cement, cement leakage, and anti-osteoporosis treatment on secondary compression fractures of adjacent vertebrae after percutaneous vertebroplasty, and summarized the number of vertebral fractures, timing of the operation, surgical approach, cement material, diffuse distribution of bone cement, recovery height of the injured vertebrae, and wearing of a support after surgery, which is not yet comprehensive. The analysis of the specific mechanisms of risk factor-induced adjacent vertebral fractures is relatively rare. (4) The results of the article showed that low bone mineral density, advanced age, perimenopausal women, multiple vertebral fractures, excessive recovery of the height of the injured vertebrae, cement leakage, comorbid underlying diseases, and poor lifestyle habits were the risk factors for secondary adjacent vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty, and that maintaining a normal body mass index, early surgery, bilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty, use of a new type of cement material, an appropriate volume of bone cement injection and uniform cement dispersion, regular anti-osteoporosis treatment, and postoperative brace wearing are protective factors for secondary adjacent vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty.

Key words: osteoporosis, fractures, percutaneous vertebroplasty, adjacent vertebral compression fractures, risk factor, bone mineral density, bone cement, advanced age, woman, anti-osteoporosis treatment

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