中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (13): 2030-2035.doi: 10.12307/2024.147

• 干细胞基础实验 basic experiments of stem cells • 上一篇    下一篇

沉默转录激活因子4抑制脑出血后神经元坏死性凋亡的体外实验

冯登峰,魏  民,张恒柱   

  1. 扬州大学临床医学院,江苏省扬州市   225001
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-24 接受日期:2023-05-05 出版日期:2024-05-08 发布日期:2023-08-28
  • 通讯作者: 张恒柱,博士,教授,主任医师,博士生导师,扬州大学临床医学院,江苏省扬州市 225001
  • 作者简介:冯登峰,男,1996年生,浙江省宁波市人,汉族,扬州大学在读硕士,主要从事自发性脑损伤的基础研究。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省“333 高层次人才”培养项目(BRA2019026),项目负责人:张恒柱;江苏省卫生健康委员会(H2018064),项目负责人:张恒柱

Silencing of activating transcription factor 4 inhibits neuronal necroptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage in vitro

Feng Dengfeng, Wei Min, Zhang Hengzhu   

  1. Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2023-03-24 Accepted:2023-05-05 Online:2024-05-08 Published:2023-08-28
  • Contact: Zhang Hengzhu, MD, Professor, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Feng Dengfeng, Master candidate, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Jiangsu Province “333 High-Level Talents” Training Project, No. BRA2019026 (to ZHZ); Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission, No. H2018064 (to ZHZ)

摘要:


文题释义:

继发性脑损伤:近年来,神经科学专家聚焦于脑出血的病理生理过程和损伤机制,提出了对继发性脑损伤的定义,指的是血液进入脑组织代谢而诱发的一系列病理损伤,包括血红蛋白毒性、氧化应激、神经炎症、细胞程序性死亡等。因此,除了急性期手术处理,应将焦点放在脑出血基础转化研究,寻找病理相关的治疗靶点。
坏死性凋亡:是指当正常凋亡途径被抑制时,发生的一种受调控的由RIP1和RIP3激酶介导的坏死性细胞死亡方式,又叫程序性坏死。既以坏死的形态为特征,如细胞肿胀和破裂,又与细胞凋亡类似,与坏死不同的是,坏死性凋亡有明确的细胞信号转导机制,而坏死没有。坏死性凋亡参与了脑出血所致的继发性脑损伤,靶向坏死性凋亡相关分子的治疗已在不同动物模型和不同细胞类型中得到验证。


背景:脑出血介导的神经元坏死性凋亡是继发性脑损伤的重要原因。转录激活因子4(activating transcription factor 4,ATF4)是转录激活因子家族成员之一,在脑出血后的继发性脑损伤中扮演重要角色。然而,ATF4在脑出血后的神经元坏死性凋亡中的机制有待明确。

目的:探索沉默ATF4基因对脑出血后神经元坏死性凋亡的影响。
方法:共同培养HT-22小鼠海马神经元细胞系和BV-2小鼠小胶质细胞系,利用氯化血红素刺激神经元构建脑出血体外模型。在0-100 μmol/L区间设置氯化血红素干预细胞的浓度梯度,通过MTT实验评估氯化血红素处理24 h后对神经元细胞活力的影响。然后将共培养细胞分为4组:空白对照组不加任何干预,对照组加入50 μmol/L氯化血红素处理,其余2组在加入氯化血红素48 h前分别用阴性对照小干扰RNA(NC siRNA)、ATF4小干扰RNA(ATF4 siRNA)干预细胞,再用50 μmol/L氯化血红素处理细胞24 h后,利用PI/Hoechst染色检测神经元坏死性凋亡情况,Western blot检测ATF4、RIP3、MLKL的蛋白表达,双重免疫荧光染色定位于神经元,观察神经元坏死性凋亡的发生程度及ATF4的调控作用。

结果与结论:①50 μmol/L 氯化血红素可以较大程度诱导神经元坏死性凋亡;②对照组和NC siRNA组的PI+/Hoechst+细胞数量高于空白对照组(P < 0.000 1),ATF4 siRNA组PI+/Hoechst+细胞数量低于对照组(P < 0.000 1);③与对照组相比,ATF4 siRNA组在抑制ATF4蛋白表达(P < 0.001)的同时,也抑制了RIP3、MLKL蛋白表达(P < 0.001);④通过对神经元荧光染色定位,与对照组相比,ATF4 siRNA组的RIP3、MLKL蛋白表达明显降低(P < 0.000 1);⑤结果表明,通过沉默ATF4基因可以直接或间接抑制脑出血后神经元坏死性凋亡相关基因的表达,起到缓解继发性脑损伤的作用。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6416-5694 (冯登峰) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 脑出血, 继发性脑损伤, 神经元, ATF4, 坏死性凋亡, 小干扰RNA

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuronal necroptosis induced by intracerebral hemorrhage is an important cause of secondary brain injury. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a member of the transcription activator family, which plays an important role in secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. However, the mechanism of ATF4 in neuronal necroptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage remains unclear. 
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of ATF4 silencing (ATF4 small interfering RNA, ATF4 siRNA) on neuronal necroptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage.
METHODS: The HT-22 mouse hippocampal neuron cell line and the BV-2 mouse microglial cell line were co-cultured, and hemin was used to mimic an in vitro model of intracerebral hemorrhage. A gradient concentration of hemin was used to treat cells and was set in the interval of 0-100 μmol/L, and the cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay after 24 hours of administration of hemin. The cells were divided into four groups: the blank control group without any intervention; the control group was treated with hemin (50 μmol/L), and the other two groups were treated with negative control small interfering RNA (NC siRNA) and ATF4 small interfering RNA (ATF4 siRNA) 48 hours before administration of hemin. After the cells were treated with hemin (50 μmol/L) for 24 hours, PI/Hoechst staining was used to detect neuronal necroptosis. Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expression of ATF4, receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3), and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), and double immunofluorescent staining was located in neurons to observe the level of neuronal necroptosis and the regulatory effect of ATF4 on it.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) 50 μmol/L of hemin could induce neuronal necroptosis to a greater extent. (2) The number of PI+/Hoechst+ cells in the control group and NC siRNA group was higher than that in the blank control group (P < 0.000 1). The number of PI+/Hoechst+ cells in the ATF4 siRNA group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.000 1). (3) Compared with the control group, the ATF4 siRNA group not only inhibited the expression of ATF4 protein (P < 0.001), but also inhibited the expression of RIP3 and MLKL protein (P < 0.001). (4) Through double immunofluorescent staining, compared with the control group, the protein expression of RIP3 and MLKL was significantly reduced in the ATF4 siRNA group (P < 0.000 1). (5) The results show that the silencing of the ATF4 gene can directly or indirectly inhibit the expression of genes related to neuronal necroptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage, and play a vital role in alleviating secondary brain injury.

Key words: intracerebral hemorrhage, secondary brain injury, neuron, activating transcription factor 4, necroptosis, small interfering RNA

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