中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (在线): 1-7.

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干细胞移植修复脊髓损伤的策略与进展

何宛俞1,程乐平1,2   

  1. 1广西医科大学基础医学院,神经科学研究所,广西脑科学研究重点实验室,广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会脑功能与脑疾病基础研究重点实验室(广西医科大学),广西壮族自治区南宁市   530021;2长寿与老年相关疾病教育部重点实验室,广西壮族自治区南宁市   530021
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-28 出版日期:2023-01-08 发布日期:2023-05-15
  • 通讯作者: 程乐平,博士,教授,硕士生导师,博士生导师,广西医科大学基础医学院,神经科学研究所,广西脑科学研究重点实验室,广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会脑功能与脑疾病基础研究重点实验室(广西医科大学),广西壮族自治区南宁市 530021;长寿与老年相关疾病教育部重点实验室,广西壮族自治区南宁市 530021
  • 作者简介:何宛俞,女,1997年生,海南省万宁市人,汉族,广西医科大学在读硕士,主要从事非神经元细胞转分化为神经元的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(32070976),项目负责人:程乐平;广西科技基地和人才专项(AD21075052),项目负责人:程乐平

Strategies and advance on stem cell transplantation for repair of spinal cord injury

He Wanyu1, Cheng Leping1, 2   

  1. 1Institute of Neuroscience and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Brain Function and Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; 2Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2023-04-28 Online:2023-01-08 Published:2023-05-15
  • Contact: Cheng Leping, PhD, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Doctoral supervisor, Institute of Neuroscience and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Brain Function and Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:He Wanyu, Master candidate, Institute of Neuroscience and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Brain Function and Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 32070976 (to CLP); Science and Technology Program of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. AD21075052 (to CLP)

摘要:


文题释义:

干细胞:是一种具有自我复制和多向分化潜能的未分化细胞。在合适的条件下,干细胞可以分化成多种不同类型的细胞,比如神经细胞、血液细胞、胰腺细胞等,从而实现对损伤细胞或组织的修复作用。动物体内胚胎期与成年期均含有干细胞。干细胞具有分化为临床上多种所需细胞的潜力,但目前干细胞的临床应用大多仍处于试验阶段。
脊髓损伤:是指由于某些原因例如交通事故、运动损伤、跌倒等导致脊髓受到损伤,造成脊髓功能发生临时或永久改变。脊髓是大脑与躯体联系的通道,它负责控制身体的感觉、运动以及自主神经的功能。脊髓损伤将使损伤部位以下脊髓的正常功能部分或完全丧失。脊髓损伤发生后,原发性及继发性损伤导致神经组织的缺失及胶质瘢痕与囊肿腔的形成。目前临床上尚未有有效的根治脊髓损伤的方法。

背景:脊髓损伤常因车祸、跌倒引起,它不仅给患者的身体和心理造成严重的伤害,而且给社会带来沉重的经济负担。脊髓损伤最初由机械性创伤造成,随后引起继发性损伤,并且随着病情的发展,逐渐形成胶质瘢痕。
目的:归纳总结脊髓损伤的病理进程和干细胞移植修复脊髓损伤的策略,以期为脊髓损伤的治疗提供最佳方案。
方法:应用计算机检索PubMed和中国知网数据库,中文检索词为“干细胞移植,脊髓损伤”,英文检索词为“stem cell,spinal cord injury,spinal cord,mesenchymal stem cells,neural stem cells,pathophysiology,clinical trial,primary injury,secondary injury”,按照纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选,最终纳入91篇文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:①干细胞移植修复脊髓损伤的策略分为外源性干细胞移植和内源性干细胞移植,将治疗脊髓损伤的外源性干细胞移植策略分为4种,分别是将干细胞注射到损伤的部位、负载干细胞的生物材料移植、胚胎组织移植、工程神经网络组织或脊髓样组织的移植;②与单一的治疗方式相比,联合治疗可更有效促进神经再生和脊髓功能恢复;③调控损伤部位的微环境、磁刺激、电刺激、振荡电场刺激、转录因子介导的神经干细胞分化、康复治疗可与干细胞移植结合进行联合治疗,从而促进脊髓功能的恢复。

关键词: ">脊髓损伤, 原发性损伤, 继发性损伤, 胶质瘢痕, 干细胞移植, 生物材料, 间充质干细胞, 联合治疗

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury is often caused by car accidents and falls, which not only cause serious physical and psychological injuries to patients but also bring a heavy economic burden to society. Spinal cord injury is initially triggered by mechanical trauma, followed by secondary injuries, and as the disease progresses, a glial scar develops.  
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the pathological process of spinal cord injury and strategies for stem cell transplantation to repair spinal cord injury, aiming to provide the best protocol for treating spinal cord injury.  
METHODS: Computer search was used to search PubMed and CNKI databases. Chinese search terms were “stem cell transplantation, spinal cord injury”. English search terms were “stem cell, spinal cord injury, spinal cord, mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, pathophysiology, clinical trial, primary injury, secondary injury”. The literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 91 articles were included for review analysis. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The strategies for repairing spinal cord injury through stem cell transplantation can be divided into exogenous stem cell transplantation and endogenous stem cell transplantation. The exogenous stem cell transplantation strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury is divided into four kinds: injecting stem cells into the site of injury; transplantation of biomaterials loaded with stem cells; fetal tissue transplantation; transplantation of engineered neural network tissue or spinal cord-like tissue. (2) Compared with a single treatment method, combination therapy can more effectively promote nerve regeneration and spinal cord function recovery. (3) Microenvironment regulating the injury site, magnetic stimulation, electrical stimulation, epidural oscillating electric field stimulation, transcription factor-mediated neural stem cell differentiation and rehabilitation therapy can be combined with stem cell transplantation for combination therapy, thereby promoting the recovery of spinal cord function.

Key words: spinal cord injury, primary injury, secondary injury, glial scar, stem cell transplantation, biomaterial, mesenchymal stem cell, combination therapy

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