中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (7): 1089-1095.doi: 10.12307/2023.104

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

生物材料导管修复面神经损伤与再生

徐  聪1,2,3,赵  赫1,2,3,孙  岩1,2,3   

  1. 1滨州医学院第二临床医学院,山东省烟台市  264000;2青岛大学附属烟台毓璜顶医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,山东省烟台市  264000;3山东省耳鼻喉疾病临床医学研究中心,山东省烟台市  264000
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-24 接受日期:2022-04-23 出版日期:2023-03-08 发布日期:2022-07-19
  • 通讯作者: 孙岩,主任医师,滨州医学院第二临床医学院,山东省烟台市 264000;青岛大学附属烟台毓璜顶医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,山东省烟台市 264000;山东省耳鼻喉疾病临床医学研究中心,山东省烟台市 264000
  • 作者简介:徐聪,男,1996年生,山东省菏泽市人,汉族,2018年泰山医学院毕业,滨州医学院在读硕士,主要从事耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021MH378),项目负责人:孙岩;烟台市科技计划项目(2021MSGY046),项目负责人:孙岩

Regeneration of facial nerve injury repaired by biomaterial nerve conduits

Xu Cong1, 2, 3, Zhao He1, 2, 3, Sun Yan1, 2, 3   

  1. 1Second Clinical Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China; 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China; 3Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2022-02-24 Accepted:2022-04-23 Online:2023-03-08 Published:2022-07-19
  • Contact: Sun Yan, Chief physician, Second Clinical Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Xu Cong, Master candidate, Second Clinical Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, No. ZR2021MH378 (to SY); Yantai Science and Technology Program Project, No. 2021MSGY046 (to SY)

摘要:

文题释义:
神经导管:是一种使用生物材料如血管、胶原蛋白等经过特殊工艺如静电纺丝技术制作而成的具有三维空间结构、良好的机械性能及生物相容性的管状通道,用于桥接神经断端,促进神经再生及功能恢复。搭载干细胞、生长因子及具有纵行微通道结构的神经导管是目前研究的方向。
生物材料:指能够判断、治疗以及修复生物身体组织、器官所使用的具有特殊功能的材料。生物材料具有生物相容性、化学稳定性以及耐生物老化性,在人体内不发生炎症、凝血、溶血、致癌等不良反应,在活体组织内能够长期使用。目前生物材料已广泛应用到耳鼻咽喉头颈外科的各个方面,修复面神经损伤再生是其主要用途之一。

背景:自体神经移植是目前修复受损面神经、治疗面瘫的首选治疗方式,但供体神经有限,并会对供体部位造成一定的损伤。生物材料导管是组织工程的一项重要分支,通过连接神经断端,为神经提供物理屏障及三维再生通道,是最有潜力的面神经修复方法。
目的:对近年来用于修复面神经损伤的生物材料应用进展进行综述。
方法:以“biomaterials,nerve conduits,facial nerve”为英文检索词,以“生物材料、神经导管、面神经”为中文检索词,检索自建库至2022年1月收录在PubMed与中国知网数据库的相关文献,依据纳入和排除标准,最终纳入相关文献68篇进行综述。
结果与结论:①目前用于修复面神经损伤的神经导管生物材料,大致分为脱细胞材料及可降解材料;脱细胞材料主要包括动脉、静脉及肌肉等,可降解材料主要包括胶原蛋白、聚乙醇酸、聚己内酯、丝蛋白、壳聚糖及石墨烯等。②静脉及胶原蛋白是目前研究最多的2种材料,与干细胞和神经营养因子结合后,其促进面神经再生效果明显增强,但距离自体神经移植的效果仍有一定差距。③石墨烯性质更加活泼,更易与神经营养物质结合,具有抗炎、促进M2巨噬细胞增多的作用,有利于损伤的面神经愈合再生,是目前最有发展潜力的修复面神经损伤的生物材料之一。④文章总结了各种生物材料搭载干细胞、生长因子或雕刻微图案后对面神经损伤修复的效果发现,“多组合”是神经导管发展的趋势,其结合细胞和生长因子,能有效促进面神经再生,但由于生物材料之间的吸附率及释放率差异较大,容易导致资源浪费且作用时间短。⑤在神经导管上雕刻纵行微通道可为神经元再生提供引导方向,加快轴突再生速度,是未来用于修复面神经损伤的神经导管研究的重点方向。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-0481(徐聪);https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3384-101X(孙岩)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料口腔生物材料纳米材料缓释材料材料相容性组织工程

关键词: 面神经, 神经导管, 生物材料, 神经损伤, 多组合, 干细胞, 生长因子, 纵行微通道

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Autologous nerve transplantation is the first choice for repairing the damaged facial nerve and treating facial paralysis, but the donor nerve is limited and will cause certain damage to the donor site. Biomaterial catheter is an important branch of tissue engineering. It provides physical barrier and three-dimensional regeneration channel for the nerve by connecting the nerve broken end, and it is the most potential facial nerve repair method. 
OBJECTIVE:  To review the application progress of biomaterials used to repair facial nerve injury in recent years.
METHODS: “biomaterials, nerve conduits, facial nerve” were used as the Chinese and English search terms. Relevant articles were searched on CNKI and PubMed from inception to January 2022. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 68 relevant articles were finally included. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) At present, biological material nerve conduits used for facial nerve injury can be roughly divided into acellular materials and degradable materials. Acellular materials mainly include arteries, veins, and muscles, while degradable materials mainly include collagen, polyglycolic acid, polycaprolactone, silk protein, chitosan, and graphene. (2) Vein and collagen are the two materials most studied at present. After combining with stem cells and neurotrophic factors, their nerve regeneration effect is significantly enhanced, but there is still a certain gap between them and autologous nerve transplantation. (3) Graphene is more active and more easily combined with neurotrophic substances. It has anti-inflammatory effects and promotes the increase of M2 macrophages, which is conducive to nerve healing and regeneration. It is one of the most promising biomaterials at present. (4) The effects of various biomaterials loaded with stem cells, growth factors or sculpted micropatterns on the repair of facial nerve injury were summarized. “Multiple combination” is the trend of nerve conduit development. The combination of cells and growth factors can effectively promote nerve regeneration, but the difference of adsorption rate and release rate between biomaterials is large, which easily leads to resource waste and short action time. (5) The longitudinal microchannels carved on the nerve conduit can provide guidance for neuronal regeneration and speed up axon regeneration, which is the focus of future research on nerve conduit direction for facial nerve injury. 

Key words: facial nerve, nerve conduit, biomaterial, nerve injury, multiple combination, stem cell, growth factor, longitudinal microchannel

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