中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (33): 5404-5412.doi: 10.12307/2023.704

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    

非编码 RNA 调控脊髓损伤后神经元细胞凋亡的作用和机制

许卢春,杨永栋,赵  赫,仲文庆,马昱堃,俞  兴   

  1. 北京中医药大学东直门医院,北京市   100700
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-08 接受日期:2022-11-16 出版日期:2023-11-28 发布日期:2023-03-31
  • 通讯作者: 俞兴,博士,教授,主任医师,博士生导师,北京中医药大学东直门医院,北京市 100700
  • 作者简介:许卢春,1995年生,江西省南昌市人,汉族,北京中医药大学东直门医院在读博士,主要从事脊柱外科、脊髓损伤方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(81973882),项目负责人:俞兴

Effect and mechanism of non-coding RNA in regulating neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury

Xu Luchun, Yang Yongdong, Zhao He, Zhong Wenqing, Ma Yukun, Yu Xing   

  1. Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
  • Received:2022-10-08 Accepted:2022-11-16 Online:2023-11-28 Published:2023-03-31
  • Contact: Yu Xing, MD, Professor, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
  • About author:Xu Luchun, Doctoral candidate, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program), No. 81973882 (to YX)

摘要:


文题释义:

非编码RNA:由microRNA (miRNA)、长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)和环状RNA(circRNA)等组成,是一类不编码蛋白质的RNA。现有研究发现脊髓损伤后,与神经元细胞凋亡相关的非编码RNA出现显著差异性表达,调控特定非编码RNA的表达,可抑制脊髓损伤后神经元细胞凋亡。
细胞凋亡:是一种程序性细胞死亡,是继发性脊髓损伤造成脊髓神经元过度死亡的主要方式。神经元大量凋亡常发生于脊髓损伤后24 h之内,因此脊髓损伤后抑制神经元细胞凋亡可减轻继发性脊髓损伤,利于脊髓损伤后脊髓功能的恢复和重建重塑。

背景:脊髓损伤后神经元细胞凋亡是造成脊髓永久性损伤的一个主要原因,探索防止脊髓损伤后神经元凋亡的方法意义重大。现有的动物实验研究表明,非编码RNA能够对脊髓损伤后神经元细胞凋亡进行调控,这或许可以给临床脊髓损伤后神经元保护性治疗提供一定参考。
目的:对非编码RNA调控脊髓损伤后神经元凋亡作用和机制进行综述,为脊髓损伤的保护性治疗提供新的靶点。
方法:以“microRNA,miR,lncRNA,circRNA,noncoding RNA,RNA,SCI,spinal cord injury,spinal cord,apoptosis”为检索词在 PubMed 数据库中进行检索,制定纳排标准,通过阅读文题、摘要和全文进行筛选,最终纳入87篇相关文献。

结果与结论:①神经元细胞凋亡为继发性脊髓损伤中极其重要的病理生理改变,是神经元死亡、脊髓功能障碍的重要致病机制之一。②动物实验研究发现,在脊髓损伤后的脊髓组织中,与神经元细胞凋亡相关的miRNA、长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)与环状RNA(circRNA)可出现差异性表达,一些促进神经元凋亡的miRNA,lncRNA与circRNA过表达,而另一部分抑制神经元凋亡的miRNA、lncRNA与circRNA表达下调。③调控特定miRNA的相应表达,主要通过靶向下调凋亡基因Bax、抑制TLR4/核转录因子κB信号通路、激活PI3K/Akt信号通路等方式可抑制脊髓损伤后神经元细胞过度凋亡。④调控lncRNA和circRNA的表达,主要通过靶向负调控的方式使得特定miRNA出现沉默或过表达,从而发挥其抗神经元细胞凋亡的作用。⑤在miRNA中,miR-125b对Smurf1/KLF2/ATF2轴及JAK1/STAT1信号通路等均可产生调节,而miR-21-5p对程序性细胞死亡因子4(PDCD4)和PI3K/AKT信号通路等可产生调节,具有多途径抗凋亡的作用。⑥在lncRNA和circRNA中,lncRNA-PTENP1,lncRNA-TCTN2和circRNA-HIPK3均对于多种miRNA具有靶向调节作用,这些非编码RNA也许可以成为脊髓损伤后神经元保护性治疗的新靶点。⑦目前对于非编码RNA调控脊髓损伤后神经元细胞凋亡还仅停留在动物及细胞研究层面,未来需要继续探索更加具有靶向作用的非编码RNA药物载体,联合生物组织工程以及其他新兴技术,争取早日向临床转化过渡。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7736-007X (许卢春) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: circRNA, lncRNA, microRNA, 非编码 RNA, 脊髓损伤, 神经元, 细胞凋亡, 靶向作用, 信号通路, 保护性治疗

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuronal cell apoptosis after spinal cord injury is a major cause of permanent spinal cord injury. It is of great significance to explore ways to prevent neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury. Existing animal experiments have shown that non-coding RNA can regulate neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury, which may provide a certain reference for clinical neuronal protective therapy after spinal cord injury.  
OBJECTIVE: To review the role and mechanism of non-coding RNA in regulating neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury so as to provide a new target for protective treatment of spinal cord injury.
METHODS: Search terms “microRNA, miR, lncRNA, circRNA, noncoding RNA, RNA, SCI, spinal cord injury, spinal cord, apoptosis” were searched in the PubMed database. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were formulated, and 87 relevant articles were included by reading the title, abstract and full text.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Neuronal cell apoptosis is an important pathophysiological change in secondary spinal cord injury, and it is an important mechanism of neuronal death and spinal cord dysfunction. (2) Animal experiments showed that miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA related to neuronal cell apoptosis were significantly differentially expressed in spinal cord tissues after spinal cord injury, and some miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA that promoted neuronal apoptosis were overexpressed. The expression of miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA that inhibited neuronal apoptosis was down-regulated. (3) By regulating the corresponding expression of specific miRNA, the excessive apoptosis of neuronal cells after spinal cord injury can be inhibited mainly by down-regulating the apoptotic gene Bax, inhibiting the TLR4/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, and activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. (4) The regulation of lncRNA and circRNA expression mainly causes the silencing or overexpression of specific miRNA by targeting negative regulation, so as to exert its anti-neuronal apoptosis effect. (5) Among miRNAs, miR-125b can regulate Smurf1/KLF2/ATF2 axis and JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway, while miR-21-5p can regulate programmed cell death factor 4 (PDCD4) and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, showing multi-pathway anti-apoptotic effect. (6) Among lncRNAs and circRNAs, lncRNA-PTENP1, lncRNA-TCTN2 and circRNA-HIPK3 have targeted regulatory effects on a variety of miRNAs. These non-coding RNAs may become new targets for neuronal protective therapy after spinal cord injury. (7) At the moment, non-coding RNA regulation of neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury also only stays in animal cells. In the future, we need to continue to explore more targeted non-coding RNA drug carriers, joint biological tissue engineering as well as other emerging technologies, and strive for an early transition to clinical transformation.

Key words: circRNA, lncRNA, microRNA, non-coding RNA, spinal cord injury, neuron, cell apoptosis, targeting effect, signaling pathway, protective treatment

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