中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (33): 5394-5403.doi: 10.12307/2023.711

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

预处理方法改善外泌体在脊髓损伤中的作用

周禾山1,谭龙旺2,刘  闯1,张  驰1   

  1. 1陕西中医药大学,陕西省咸阳市   712000;2陕西中医药大学附属医院脊柱骨科,陕西省咸阳市   712000
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-09 接受日期:2022-11-21 出版日期:2023-11-28 发布日期:2023-03-31
  • 通讯作者: 谭龙旺,主任医师,教授,硕士生导师,陕西中医药大学附属医院脊柱骨科主任。陕西中医药大学附属医院脊柱骨科,陕西省咸阳市 712000
  • 作者简介:周禾山,男,1995年生,陕西省人,汉族,陕西中医药大学第一临床医学院在读硕士,主要从事脊柱脊髓疾病的基础与临床研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81774349),项目负责人:谭龙旺

Pretreatment methods improve the role of exosomes in spinal cord injury

Zhou Heshan1, Tan Longwang2, Liu Chuang1, Zhang Chi1   

  1. 1Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China; 2Department of Spinal Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2022-10-09 Accepted:2022-11-21 Online:2023-11-28 Published:2023-03-31
  • Contact: Tan Longwang, Chief physician, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Spinal Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Zhou Heshan, Master candidate, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81774349 (to TLW)

摘要:


文题释义:

脊髓损伤:是指脊髓组织受到外部因素影响后,导致相应损伤平面以下神经功能障碍的疾病,主要包括原发性损伤和继发性损伤,由于神经系统的自我修复能力有限,目前尚无有效治疗方法。
外泌体:是指细胞在生命周期产生的一种膜性囊泡,直径30-100 nm,早期被认为是废弃物,近年来功能逐渐被人们发掘认识,含有蛋白质、脂类和核酸等多种物质,可以在诊断及治疗等多方面发挥作用。

背景:不同类型细胞通过旁分泌产生的外泌体,能够参与诸多细胞进程,在脊髓损伤中表现出了良好的治疗效果,但单纯利用天然外泌体治疗脊髓损伤,存在器官靶向性差和治疗效果不足等问题。
目的:对预处理方法改善外泌体在脊髓损伤中的作用进行综述。
方法:由第一作者检索PubMed、Web of Science和中国知网数据库,英文检索词为“Exosomes,Spinal Cord Injuries”,中文检索词为“外泌体、脊髓损伤”,按照纳入和排除标准,最终筛选出91篇文章进行综述。

结果与结论:①在使用天然外泌体治疗脊髓损伤的过程中,外泌体的活性容易受到抑制,且存在半衰期短和靶向性差等弊端。②在外泌体制备过程中,通过相应预处理手段,可以进一步优化天然外泌体在脊髓损伤中的功能和疗效,降低发生不良反应的可能性。③常见预处理方法包括外泌体的预培养、外泌体的物质预搭载及生物材料预联合,此3种预处理方法各有利弊,是从不同维度上对外泌体的干预,其中外泌体物质预搭载所构建的药物递送体系在目前得到了最多的应用,且技术相对较为成熟,在部分领域已开展临床研究,具备良好的前景。④其他干预方法对外泌体的优化作用也在实验中被证实,这些干预措施并非相互独立,将其有机结合,实现多层面的预处理,以期实现脊髓损伤后的完整修复。⑤恰当的预处理措施可以在保证外泌体结构的同时,提高外泌体的靶向性与稳定性,延长外泌体的半衰期,加强外泌体在脊髓损伤部位的定植,进而促进脊髓损伤的修复和神经功能的改善,以达到治疗目的。⑥由此可见,外泌体在脊髓损伤领域有着巨大的潜力和广阔的前景,对外泌体进行预处理和工程化改造,是未来外泌体发展的必由之路,应推动其从基础实验逐步迈入临床研究中,以早日实现外泌体在脊髓损伤领域的临床应用。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9753-2702(周禾山);https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1745-2057(谭龙旺) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 外泌体, 脊髓损伤, 预处理, 工程化, 三维培养, 药物递送, 非编码RNA, 水凝胶

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Exosomes produced by paracrine secretion of different cell types can participate in many cellular processes and have shown good therapeutic effects in spinal cord injury. However, the use of natural exosomes alone to treat spinal cord injury suffers from poor organ targeting and inadequate therapeutic effects.
OBJECTIVE: To review pretreatment methods to improve the role of exosomes in spinal cord injury.
METHODS: The first author searched PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI with English and Chinese search terms “exosomes, spinal cord injuries” and 91 articles were selected for review according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the treatment of spinal cord injury using natural exosomes, the activity of exosomes is easily inhibited and suffers from a short half-life and poor targeting. (2) During the preparation of exosomes, the function and efficacy of natural exosomes in spinal cord injury can be further optimized and the possibility of adverse effects can be reduced using the corresponding pretreatment. (3) Three common pretreatment methods include the preculture of exosomes, material pre-packaging of exosomes, and preassociation of biological materials. Each of the three pretreatment methods has advantages and disadvantages and intervenes in exosomes from different dimensions. Among them, the drug delivery system constructed by exosomal substance pre-mounting has been the most used at present, and the technology is relatively mature, and clinical studies have been carried out in some fields, which have good prospects. (4) The optimal effect of other interventions on exosomes has also been confirmed experimentally, and these interventions are not independent of each other, combining them organically to achieve a multidimensional pretreatment to achieve repair after spinal cord injury. (5) Appropriate pretreatment measures can improve the targeting and stability of exosomes, prolong the half-life of exosomes, and enhance the colonization of exosomes at the site of spinal cord injury while ensuring the structure of exosomes, thus promoting the repair of spinal cord injury and improvement of neurological function for therapeutic purposes. (6) Taken together, exosomes have great potential and broad prospects in the field of spinal cord injury, and pretreatment and engineering transformation of exosomes are the only way to develop exosomes in the future, which should be gradually promoted from basic experiments into clinical research to realize the clinical application of exosomes in the field of spinal cord injury as soon as possible. 

Key words: exosome, spinal cord injury, pretreatment, engineering, three-dimensional cultivation, drug delivery, non-coding RNA, hydrogel

中图分类号: