中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (24): 3818-3823.doi: 10.12307/2023.446

• 干细胞基础实验 basic experiments of stem cells • 上一篇    下一篇

吗替麦考酚酯对大鼠胚胎耳郭发育的影响

陈  倩,张  杨,李高峰   

  1. 湖南师范大学附属第一医院(湖南省人民医院),湖南省长沙市  410013
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-18 接受日期:2022-07-12 出版日期:2023-08-28 发布日期:2023-01-19
  • 通讯作者: 李高峰,博士,主任医师,教授,硕士生导师,湖南师范大学附属第一医院(湖南省人民医院),湖南省长沙市 410013
  • 作者简介:陈倩,女,1999 年生,湖南省长沙市人,汉族,湖南师范大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事先天性小耳畸形发病机制研究。
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省自然科学基金(2021JJ30401),项目负责人:李高峰

Effects of mycophenolate mofetil on the development of rat embryonic auricle

Chen Qian, Zhang Yang, Li Gaofeng   

  1. The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
  • Received:2022-05-18 Accepted:2022-07-12 Online:2023-08-28 Published:2023-01-19
  • Contact: Li Gaofeng, MD, Chief physician, Professor, Master’s supervisor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
  • About author:Chen Qian, Master candidate, Physician, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, No. 2021JJ30401 (to LGF)

摘要:

文题释义:

吗替麦考酚酯:是一种免疫抑制剂,是肾脏或肝脏移植后的主要用药之一,同时也广泛用于自身免疫性疾病。吗替麦考酚酯可有效治疗系统性红斑狼疮、原发性肾病综合征、IgA肾病、系统性小血管炎肾损害,同时也广泛用于自身免疫性疾病、青少年难治性自身免疫性肝炎、神经系统自身免疫性疾病、非感染性葡萄膜炎、不同类型的血管炎,以及常见的皮肤病如银屑病、特应性皮炎和寻常天疱疮。
颅神经嵴细胞:是一个暂时的多功能细胞团,参与颅颌面主要组织器官的形成,它的迁移、增殖和分化是耳郭发育的重要步骤。不同部位的颅神经嵴细胞具有精确的迁移路径,在体内微环境的诱导下,以细胞流的形式迁入颅面特定部位,进而分化为颅面不同器官。

背景:先天性小耳畸形发病机制尚不明确,目前研究认为小耳畸形与环境及遗传因素共同作用有关,药物致畸是环境因素中的一个重要方面。
目的:观察大鼠孕鼠暴露在不同剂量吗替麦考酚酯环境中的胚胎耳郭发育指标,以期建立一种药物诱导的小耳畸形模型,为进一步探讨小耳畸形的发病机制提供基础。
方法:将成年SD大鼠按雌雄比2∶1合笼,次日检查雌鼠,发现阴栓定为孕0 d。将32只SD大鼠孕鼠随机分为4组,分别记为对照组、吗替麦考酚酯50,100,200 mg/kg组,每组8只。孕9,10 d每天早上8点分别用50,100,200 mg/kg吗替麦考酚酯玉米油灌胃1次,对照组仅灌胃玉米油,于孕20.5 d麻醉后脱颈处死各组孕鼠,大体观察各组胚胎发育情况及耳郭发育指标,micro-CT影像学观察中耳及内耳发育情况,组织学检测耳郭软骨及软组织改变。

结果与结论:①与对照组相比,各吗替麦考酚酯组死胎数、吸收胎数增加,活胎数及活胎率降低;耳横长、耳纵长、耳纵长/耳横长、鼻枕距/双顶径、眼距、体长、体质量等指标存在明显统计学差异(P < 0.05)。吗替麦考酚酯50 mg/kg组与吗替麦考酚酯100,200 mg/kg组相比,各指标存在明显统计学差异(P < 0.05)。吗替麦考酚酯100 mg/kg组与吗替麦考酚酯200 mg/kg组相比,耳纵长、体长、体质量、鼻枕距存在明显统计学差异(P < 0.05)。②与对照组相比,吗替麦考酚酯组micro-CT影像学主要改变为颅骨发育不良、听泡发育不完整。③苏木精-伊红染色、甲胺蓝染色、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化结果示吗替麦考酚酯影响软骨细胞增生、分化以及Ⅱ型胶原表达。④结果表明,吗替麦考酚酯可导致大鼠胚胎耳郭组织发育不良且呈剂量依赖性,可能是因为其阻止了软骨细胞增生、分化及Ⅱ型胶原表达,吗替麦考酚酯可诱导建立小耳畸形动物模型。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8211-6645 (陈倩);https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3628-815X (李高峰)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 吗替麦考酚酯, 大鼠, 耳畸形, 耳郭发育, 软骨细胞, Ⅱ型胶原

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of congenital microtia is not clear. Current studies believe that microtia is related to the joint action of environmental and genetic factors, and drug teratogenesis is an important aspect of environmental factors.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the embryonic auricle development indexes of pregnant rats exposed to different concentrations of mycophenolate mofetil, in order to establish a drug-induced microtia model and provide a basis for further exploring the pathogenesis of microtia.
METHODS: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were caged according to the ratio of male to female at 2:1, and the female rats were checked the next day. The presence of a vaginal plug was designated as gestational day 0. Thirty-two pregnant rats were randomized into four groups (n=8 per group): control group, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg mycophenolate mofetil groups. Rats in the four groups were intragastrically given corn oil, and 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg mycophenolate mofetil corn oil respectively at 8 a.m. on gestational days 9 and 10. The pregnant rats in each group were decapitated under anesthesia on gestational day 20.5. The embryonic development and auricle development indexes were generally observed. The development of middle and inner ears was observed by micro-CT imaging. Auricle cartilage and soft tissue changes were histologically observed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the control group, the numbers of dead fetuses and absorbed fetuses were increased and the number and rate of live fetuses decreased in different mycophenolate mofetil groups. There were significant differences in ear transverse length, ear longitudinal length, ear longitudinal length/ear transverse length, nasal occipital distance/biparietal diameter, eye distance, body length and body mass between different mycophenolate mofetil groups and control group (P < 0.05). The above-mentioned indexes were significantly different in the 50 mg/kg mycophenolate mofetil group from 100 and 200 mg/kg mycophenolate mofetil groups (P < 0.05). There were also significant differences in ear length, body length, body mass, and nasal occipital distance between 100 and 200 mg/kg mycophenolate mofetil groups (P < 0.05). (2) Compared with the control group, the main micro-CT changes in each mycophenolate mofetil group were dysplasia of the skull and incomplete development of auditory vesicle. (3) The results of hematoxylin-eosin staining, toluidine blue staining and type II collagen immunohistochemistry staining showed that mycophenolate mofetil affected the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes and the expression of type II collagen. (4) To conclude, mycophenolate mofetil can cause the dysplasia of rat embryonic auricle in a dose-dependent manner, because mycophenolate mofetil may inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes and the expression of type II collagen. Mycophenolate mofetil can be used to establish an animal model of microtia.

Key words: mycophenolate mofetil, rat, ear deformity, auricle development, chondrocyte, type II collagen

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