中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (21): 3293-3299.doi: 10.12307/2023.162

• 组织工程软骨材料 tissue-engineered cartilage • 上一篇    下一篇

力学刺激提高生物3D打印软骨构建物基质的形成

孙可欣,曾今实,李  佳,蒋海越,刘  霞   

  1. 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院整形外科医院研究中心,北京市  100144
  • 出版日期:2023-07-28 发布日期:2022-11-23
  • 通讯作者: 刘霞,博士,研究员,中国医学科学院北京协和医学院整形外科医院研究中心,北京市 100144
  • 作者简介:孙可欣,女,1996年生,河南省安阳县人,汉族,2022年北京协和医学院毕业,硕士,主要从事3D生物打印相关的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目 (81871575),项目负责人:刘霞;中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程 (2021-I2M-1-052),任务三项目负责人:蒋海越

Mechanical stimulation enhances matrix formation of three-dimensional bioprinted cartilage constructs

Sun Kexin, Zeng Jinshi, Li Jia, Jiang Haiyue, Liu Xia   

  1. Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
  • Online:2023-07-28 Published:2022-11-23
  • Contact: Liu Xia, MD, Researcher, Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
  • About author:Sun Kexin, Master, Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
  • Supported by:
    General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81871575 (to LX); The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences, No. 2021-I2M-1-052 (to JHY)

摘要:


文题释义:

力学刺激:属于生物物理刺激的一种,表现形式可以是压力(压缩)、表面的摩擦力、剪切力和拉力,以及压力中特殊的力——细胞内外的静水压力,对细胞的生长发育极为重要。在此次实验中力学刺激主要指压力。
生物3D打印软骨构建物:利用3D生物打印技术,将软骨细胞与生物材料相混合,打印出的组织工程构建物,此处称为生物3D打印软骨构建物。

背景:基质分泌不均匀、力学强度不足是影响组织工程构建物在体内形成效果的重要因素,力学刺激是促进细胞外基质分泌的有效手段。
目的:探索3D生物打印复合支架在力学加压环境下的生物学表现。
方法:采用3D生物打印技术制备软骨细胞-甲基丙烯酰胺基明胶复合支架,活死染色观察细胞存活情况。将复合支架置于力学加压生物反应器中进行加压培养,以6孔板中不加压培养的复合支架为对照,活死染色观察细胞存活情况,组织学染色观察复合支架体外软骨形成情况,qRT-PCR检测成软骨相关基因mRNA的相对表达量。将加压与不加压复合支架分别植入裸鼠皮下,5周后取材,组织学观察软骨形成情况。
结果与结论:①复合支架外观呈现清晰的网格状结构,体外培养1,4,7 d时,支架形态稳定、结构清晰,细胞存活率均在90%以上;②培养2周后,加压组复合支架中的细胞存活率低于不加压组(P < 0.05);苏木精-伊红染色显示两组复合支架均有明显的软骨陷窝结构,细胞在材料中分布较均匀,加压组复合支架的材料间空隙内有更多新生软骨组织形成;番红O染色显示两组均可见红色软骨基质形成,加压组细胞周基质染色更深;Ⅰ型胶原免疫组织化学染色显示,加压组着色更为明显;加压组弹性蛋白、Ⅱ型胶原的mRNA表达高于不加压组(P < 0.05);③植入裸鼠皮下5周后,苏木精-伊红染色显示加压组软骨组织形成更为均一,软骨细胞大小均匀,陷窝结构明显;④结果表明,虽然体外加压刺激会引发3D生物打印软骨细胞-甲基丙烯酰胺基明胶复合支架中的细胞死亡,但同时会促进存活细胞向支架空隙间长入,提高其软骨基质相关基因的表达,促进成软骨能力。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0301-7815(孙可欣)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料口腔生物材料纳米材料缓释材料材料相容性组织工程

关键词: 3D生物打印, 力学刺激, 软骨细胞, 甲基丙烯酰胺基明胶, 组织工程软骨, 复合支架

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Uneven secretion of matrix and insufficient mechanical strength are important factors affecting the formation effect of tissue engineering constructs in vivo. Mechanical stimulation is an effective means to promote the secretion of extracellular matrix.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the biological performance of 3D bioprinted composite scaffolds under mechanical stimulation.
METHODS: The chondrocyte-gelatin methacryloyl composite scaffold was prepared and printed by 3D bioprinting technology. Cell survival was observed by live/dead cell staining. The composite scaffolds were placed in a mechanical pressurized bioreactor for pressurized culture. The composite scaffolds cultured in a 6-well plate without pressurization were used as the control. Live/dead cell staining was used to observe the cell survival. Histological staining was used to observe the in vitro cartilage of the composite scaffolds. The relative expression levels of cartilage-related genes were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The composite scaffolds were implanted into nude mice for 5 weeks in vitro with or without mechanical stimulation, and the cartilage formation was observed by histological staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The appearance of the composite scaffolds showed a clear grid-like structure. When cultured for 1, 4, and 7 days in vitro, the scaffolds had stable morphology and clear structure, and the cell viability was above 90%. (2) After 2 weeks of culture, the cell survival rate in the composite scaffold in the pressurized group was lower than that in the unpressurized group (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining exhibited that composite scaffolds of the two groups had obvious cartilage lacuna structure, and the cells were distributed evenly in the materials. In the pressurized group, more new cartilage tissue was formed in the gap of the composite scaffold. Safranin O staining showed that red cartilage matrix was formed in both groups; the stained pericellular matrix was deeper in the pressurized group. Type I collagen immunohistochemical staining showed that the coloration in the pressurized group was more obvious; the mRNA expression levels of elastin and type II collagen in the pressurized group were higher than those in the unpressurized group (P < 0.05). (3) After 5 weeks of subcutaneous implantation in nude mice, hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the formation of cartilage tissue in the pressurized group was more uniform; the size of chondrocytes was uniform; the lacuna structure was obvious. (4) The results show that although in vitro stimulation can trigger cell death in the 3D bioprinted chondrocyte-gelatin methacryloyl composite scaffold, it also promotes the ingrowth of surviving cells into the space of the scaffold and increases the expression of their cartilage matrix-related genes, to promote cartilage formation. 

Key words: three-dimensional bioprinting, mechanical stimulation, chondrocyte, gelatin methacryloyl, tissue engineered cartilage, composite scaffold

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